7th Grade Civics End of Course Exam Study Guide

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SS.7.C.1.7 - Describe how the Constitution limits the powers of government through separation of powers and checks and balances.
Vocabulary
Checks and balances	a principle of the federal government, according to the U.S. Constitution, that allows each branch of government to limit the power of the other branches
Constitutional government	A form of government based on a written set of laws that all citizens agree to; in this form of government, the constitution is the highest law of the land
Judicial review	the power of the judicial branch to review the actions of the executive and legislative branches and determine whether or not they are unconstitutional (this includes laws passed by Congress); the U.S. Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison established this power
Separation of power	The structure of the federal government, according to the U.S. Constitution, that sets up three branches with their own distinct powers and responsibilities
	19. What check does the U.S. Senate have on the president? Overriding vetoes Appointing judges Declaring laws unconstitutional Refusing to confirm appointments
	The passage below is from Federalist No. 47, written by James Madison in 1788. 20. Based on this passage, which constitutional principle does Madison describe? Separation of powers Checks and balances Popular sovereignty Judicial review
	21. Which principle supports President Eisenhower's action to uphold the U.S. Supreme Court's decision that public schools should be integrated? Judicial review Checks and balances Separation of powers Constitutional government
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