Ap euro student study materials review Outline 1450-1991 Renaissance The Italian Renaissance
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- Oliver Cromwell
- The Protectorate
- The Glorious Revolution of 1688
- William III of Orange and Mar y
- Act of Settlement
- Wars of Religion France (1562-1598) ius reformandi - the right to regulate religion in your own state Valois Dynasty
- Louis XI
- St. Bartholomews Day Massacre
- Politiques
- Marie de Medici
- The 30 Years War (1618-1648)
English Civil War“Puritan Revolution” or the “Great Rebellion” Roundheads vs. Cavaliers Roundheads - consisted of Parliament, House of Commons, puritans, industrial areas, navy and ports, London, East and South England Cavaliers (Royalist) - the King, most lords, Catholics, High Churchmen, old gentry, Oxford, North and West England Oliver Cromwell - leader of the Roundheads, creates New Model Army, and Puritan Army, which is very modern The Rump Parliament - 45 Presbyterian Parliament members arrested, 98 more expelled, 60 Puritans admitted Rump Parliament put king on trial and beheaded him (Regicide). The Commonwealth - military dictatorship under Oliver Cromwell and Puritan Parliament members Puritan Laws - basic Puritan beliefs, no merriment, no theater, no sporting events Ireland - massacres the Irish and gives land to Protestant soldiers Scotland - Charles II became king, Scotland defeated by new model army, Charles fled to France and his cousin, Louis XIV
Everyone who fought in the civil war is pardoned, except 50 people in the Parliament Cavalier land taken by Puritans must be returned King granted income Puritans purged from Parliament Anglican became the official religion of England Test Act of 1673 - no Catholic can hold high office Whigs - people who support the Test Act (wanted Monmouth or Mary for monarch) Tories - against Test Act (wanted Duke of York or James for monarch) James II Goes against Test Act, appoints Catholics to high positions, Catholic himself Declaration of Indulgences - Catholics and Non-Anglicans are free to worship and hold office The Glorious Revolution of 1688 – “Bloodless Revolution” No casualties Thomas Hobbes - wrote The Leviathan - a book on the evils of mankind and how they need an absolute monarch to control them John Locke - wrote "Treatises on Government" - a book on how humans have power to control themselves and form their own government William III of Orange and Mary - won popular support of English. Accompanied by Dutch soldiers. English Bill of Rights: Monarch cannot be Catholic Cannot have an army during peace unless approved by Parliament Must have Parliament’s consent in order to tax Excess bail and cruel and unusual punishments prohibited Trial by jury guaranteed Fair elections for Parliament
Established Great Britain Wars of Religion France (1562-1598) ius reformandi - the right to regulate religion in your own state Valois Dynasty - the dynasty of France before the Bourbon Concordat of Bologna - France received the authority to appoint the clergy as long as they paid the Pope Louis XI - Valois King who ruled France Francis I - famous for the Concordat of Bologna Henry II - declared war on the Huguenots, died from jousting Huguenots - French Calvinists Francis II – sickly son of Henry II, died and left throne to brother Catherine de Medici - regent for Charles IX Strongly supported by Huguenot Admiral Coligny Conflict between Guise and Bourbons: wanted to support Bourbons, but threat from Protestants moved her to protection of the Guise
Ordered the assassination of the duke and cardinal of Guise. A French priest assassinated him Henry IV (1589-1610) - Henry Navarre became first Bourbon King. Issued Edict of Nantes ending religious wars in France. Converted to Catholicism, “Paris is worth a mass” Practiced Politique. Established the Estates General. Assassinated by priest Politiques - people that put less emphasis on religion and more on politics (Jean Bodin, Henry IV, Elizabeth I) The Edict of Nantes (1598) - A declaration which allowed French Calvinists to fortify and defend their own Protestant towns They were also allowed to worship and practice their religion “Every noble who is also a manorial lord has the right to hold Protestant services on his land. Protestants also have the right to fortify and defend their town”
Religion - Catholic vs. Protestant Constitutional HRE vs. individual states International France vs. Habsburg; Spain vs. Dutch Background Peace of Augsburg-“Cuius regio, eius religio” “Whose region, their religion” Palatinate “Elector Palatine”- leader who helps elect Holy Roman Emperor Protestant Union - 1608, Elector Palatine made all Protestants unite together for protection Download 0.49 Mb. Share with your friends:
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