Ap euro student study materials review Outline 1450-1991 Renaissance The Italian Renaissance

Characteristics

Movement against the Industrial Revolution

Viewed modern industry as an ugly, brutal attack on nature and humanity

Viewed nature as indestructible: “Nature is spirit visible”

Rejected materialism

Viewed Middle Ages as good

Only very rich or very poor became romantics

Literature

Exuberance for social causes and nature.

Prone to see their emotions reflected in the natural world

British writers - Wordsworth “Daffodils,” Coleridge, Byron, Shelly, Keats

French writers - Hugo, Dumas, and Sands

Fine Arts

Musicians - Beethoven, Schubert, Chopin, Lizst

Paintings were dramatic and colorful and stirred up emotions

Eugene Delacroix - The French romantic who painted “Liberty Leading the People”

John Turner - English artist who depicted nature’s power and terror

The Industrial Revolutions

British India Company

Dutch East India Company

Signified the rise of a capitalistic economy and the transition from a town-centered to a national-centered economic system

Private/national banking - Christians eventually believed that banking was all right. Before, Jews, namely the Fugers, controlled the banks in Europe

Development of capitalism

The first major people who practiced capitalism were the Dutch. They provided the whole idea of profit and buying mass quantities

The capitalistic economy, which the people of the Netherlands embraced, allowed more economic freedom that caused the prosperity of the Union of Utrecht (the Netherlands, Holland, and United Provinces)

Expansion of trade routes - due to new technological advanced such as the compass and the triangular sail, the Dutch were able to expand their seafaring skills and create and expand trade routes. Get all the middlemen out

Economic Readjustment

From 1785 to 1815, two revolutions had been taking place

Governmental organization – authority, rights, legislation

Economic – production of wealth, manufacturing

England goes through the Industrial Revolution first because of

Enclosure movement - nobles being able to fence in their property and pay peasants a salary

Supply of coal, iron, and water - to produce energy to move factories

Capital - money used to make more money

Independent, inventive people

Raw materials - trading brings more materials

Stable government

Successful outcomes of the wars, no damage done to Great Britain

Social Consequences

Urban agglomerations- cities begin to grow rapidly

Effects on living - more crowded, more pollution, more crime