Appendix S1: Considerations for developing robust gb models 2 Appendix S2: Sensitivity Analysis 5 Table summary of Sensitivity Analysis on Parameters 11 Table summary of Sensitivity Analysis on Model Assumptions 12 Figure S1


Appendix S3: Additional Data and Analysis



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Appendix S3: Additional Data and Analysis

Table S3. Growth Rate and Habitat Use Data





Habitat

% land-scape

% Starling’s Time

Normalized Habitat Use Index (% use /

% landscape)

Seedling Survival

Plant Survival

Population Growth Rate (λ)

Developed

15.3%

34.1%

0.39

49%

95-100% (8g)

2.1

Agricultural

16.5%

42.0%

0.44

64%

95-98% (6g)

1.5

Deciduous

62.9%

20.5%

0.06

66%

90-95% (2.5g)

1.4

Coniferous

5.3%

3.5%

0.11

43%

60-80% (1.5g)

0.5

Summary of data used to parameterize habitat use for European starlings and Oriental bittersweet. The proportion of landscape was evaluated for the region where radio tracking was conducted (LaFleur 2006). Plant survival and mean dry weight biomass was measured across replicate sites from a transplant experiment (seedlings: LaFleur unpublished; adults: Leicht 2005). Bold values are model parameters estimated from data.



Table S4: LULC Reclassifications


Definitions of the reclassification scheme used to translate NOAA data for the model.

Original Class

Description

Revised Class

1

Unclassified

Unsuitable

2

Developed, High Intensity

Developed

3

Developed, Medium Intensity

Developed

4

Developed, Low Intensity

Developed

5

Developed, Open Space

Developed

6

Cultivated Crops

Agriculture/Scrub/Shrub

7

Pasture/Hay

Agriculture/Scrub/Shrub

8

Grassland/Herbaceous

Agriculture/Scrub/Shrub

9

Deciduous Forest

Deciduous Forest

10

Evergreen Forest

Coniferous Forest

11

Mixed Forest

Coniferous Forest

12

Scrub/Shrub

Agriculture/Scrub/Shrub

13

Palustrine Forested Wetland

Unsuitable

14

Palustrine Scrub/Shrub Wetland

Unsuitable

15

Palustrine Emergent Wetland (Persistent)

Unsuitable

16

Estuarine Forested Wetland

Unsuitable

17

Estuarine Scrub / Shrub Wetland

Unsuitable

18

Estuarine Emergent Wetland

Unsuitable

19

Unconsolidated Shore

Unsuitable

20

Barren Land

Unsuitable

21

Open Water

Unsuitable

22

Palustrine Aquatic Bed

Unsuitable

Figure S19. Seed dispersal kernel estimates

We used radio tracking data to estimate local bird movements and banding recaptures to estimate larger scale movements in conjunction with gut passage time to produce a seed dispersal kernel. Shown are three characteristic seed retention times (that represent the range) coupled with both local and banding data. We produced a conservative envelop around the kernel chosen for the model (dark line). The inset histogram shows the frequency distribution of the distances traveled by starlings between banding and recapture over an intervals of two days or less. The proportion of seeds deposited in each cell by the kernel chosen for the model (dark line) is shown along the horizontal axis.






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