Gonzaga Debate Institute 2011 Mercury China Coop Aff
Chinese Space Power High – General (1/2)
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Chinese Space Power High – General (1/2)China space rise now Seedhouse, aerospace scientist & PhD from German Space Agency's Institute of Space Medicine, 10 [Erik, aerospace scientist & PhD from German Space Agency's Institute of Space Medicine, “The New Space Race: China vs. the US” Springer and Praxis Publishing Co., http://www.scribd.com/doc/31809026/The-New-Space-Race-China-Vs, page 225, accessed6/31/11, HK] First. China's space program enables Beijing to expand its national power — a strategic objective critical to recovering the greatness that China benefitted from for much of the last millennium. In this regard. China's participation in the new space race is as much a battle with its own demons as it is a quest for prestige. To recover its former greatness, China must not only sustain high levels of economic growth and preserve national stability, but must also defuse external threats to ils national security. As described in Chapters 1 and 4, China's space program helps to advance these goals simultaneously. In short, space technologies have now become critical to the successful conduct of China's military operations, while simultaneously procuring symbolic benefits via its manned space program. Second. China's space program is comprehensive, integrated, and focused. As evidenced by its extensive military and civil hardware. China is now a major spacefaring nation capable of pursuing the entire spectrum of space activities.Unlike the US.which funds a civilian and a military space program, no significant divide exists between China's civilian and military programs. Additionally, the focus of China's space program, while undoubtedly marked by deliberation and purpose, is nevertheless characterized by a "buy, copy, or steal" approach, aimed at competing with the US technologically. Third, Chinese doctrine is undeniably offensive. Due to the prospective future of arms in space. Beijing is forced to develop the entire spectrum of capabilities required to exploit space. It must also prepare to deny space to potential adversaries such as the US. whoarc capable of utilizing their military advantage lo neutralize Chinese space assets. Furthermore, given the pivotal significance of information domination in producing victory in war, China must prepare for future space conflicts by fully-integrating its space assets into its military operations. Fourth, in common with the US.China has made considerable investments in developing counterspace capabilities. These capabilities range from space object surveillance and identification systems to directed energy weapons, and from co-orbital satellites to kinetic attack technologies. Furthermore, these counterspace programs have persisted even after China's ASAT test - an event that conclusively demonstrated China's true intentions in low Earth orbil (LEO). "Assuring the security of space capabilities becomes more challenging as technology proliferates and access to it by potentially hostile entities becomes easier Chinese Space Power High – General (2/2)China is unilaterally taking large strides in space development—establishes their power Branigan and Sample, Beijing and Science Correspondents, 11 (Tania and Ian, April 26, Guardian UK “China unveils rival to International Space Station”, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/apr/26/china-space-station-tiangong, accessed 6/30/11) PG China laid out plans for its future in space yesterday, unveiling details of an ambitious new space station to be built in orbit within a decade. The project, which one Nasa adviser describes as a "potent political symbol", is the latest phase in China's rapidly developing space programme. It is less than a decade since China put a human into orbit for the first time, and three years since its first spacewalk. The space station will weigh around 60 tonnes and consist of a core module with two laboratory units for experiments, according to the state news agency, Xinhua. Professor Jiang Guohua, from the China Astronaut Research and Training Centre, said the facility would be designed to last for around a decade and support three astronauts working on microgravity science, space radiation biology and astronomy. The project heralds a shift in the balance of power among spacefaring nations. In June, the US space agency, Nasa, will mothball its whole fleet of space shuttles, in a move that will leave only the Russians capable of ferrying astronauts to and from the International Space Station. The $100bn (£60.5bn) outpost is itself due to fly only until 2020, but may be granted a reprieve until 2028. Bernardo Patti, head of the space station programme at the European Space Agency (Esa), said: "China is a big country. It is a powerful country, and they are getting richer and richer. They want to establish themselves as key players in the international arena. "They have decided politically that they want to be autonomous, and that is their call. They must have had some political evaluation that suggests this option is better than the others, and I would think autonomy is the key word." China is also developing a cargo spaceship, which will weigh less than 13 tonnes and have a diameter of no more than 3.35 metres, to transport supplies and equipment to the space station. China hopes to make its first moon landing within two years and to put an astronaut on the moon as early as 2025. Chinese Space Power High – China Would WinChina will beat the U.S. in the space race Moskowitz, Senior Writer for Space.com, 6/12/10 (Clara, “China's Lofty Goals: Space Station, Moon and Mars Exploration”, InsideNova.com, http://www.space.com/166-china-lofty-goals-space-station-moon-mars-exploration.html, accessed 6/30/11) EK China is shifting its space program into high gear, with recently announced goals to build a manned space station by 2020 and send a spacecraft to Mars by 2013 — all on the heels of its second robotic moon mission this year. Yet some space analysts worry that China's ascendancy in space means the waning of American superiority in spaceflight. The United States is retiring its storied space shuttle fleet in 2011 and plans to rely on commercial spaceships for orbital flights, once they're available, while planning future deep-space missions. "Certainly [the Chinese] see it as an opportunity to garner prestige at a time when the U.S. space program is in what some people call turmoil, and what others call regrouping," said Joan Johnson-Freese, chairwoman of the department of national security studies at the Naval War College in Newport, R.I., and an expert on China's space program. Among Americans, she said, "there is the perception that China is somehow getting ahead, that the U.S. is sliding behind." All in all, China's space accomplishments are gaining worldwide notice. "To the rest of the world, China's working very eagerly and aggressively," Johnson-Freese said. "Canada, Europe and Russia are all banging on the door for China to work with them. I certainly have a concern that the U.S. is going to end up the odd man out in terms of the globalization of space." While some American lawmakers have expressed wishes to cooperate with China in space, the idea also faces strong resistance. A trip last month by NASA chief Charlie Bolden to China sparked controversy. "It should go without saying that NASA has no business cooperating with the Chinese regime on human spaceflight," U.S. Rep. Frank Wolf (R-Va.) wrote to Bolden in an Oct. 5 letter before the visit. "China is taking an increasingly aggressive posture globally, and their interests rarely intersect with ours." In a response letter, Bolden said the trip was intended to be "introductory in nature" and would not include discussions about specific opportunities to cooperate in human spaceflight. For its part, China has expressed willingness to cooperate with other nations, though all its space achievements so far have been largely solo. Directory: files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Integer programming and game theory files -> 4 Integer Programming files -> Bpa vehicle Window Repair Scenario #1 task: Procure vehicle window relacement. 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