Gonzaga Debate Institute 2011 Mercury China Coop Aff
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Relations Good – TradeUS-Sino relations key to trade Crienglish.com, 11/15/00 [Crienglish.com,“Sino-US Trade and Economic Relations and Technological Cooperation”11/15/00http://english.cri.cn/811/2006/04/14/199@77695.htm, accessed 6/31/11, HK] Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States in 1979, the bilateral trade has witnessed fairly rapid growth. Especially in recent years, trade between the two countries has maintained a sound momentum of rapid growth. According to statistics from the Chinese Customs, the two-way trade volume reached US$54.94 billion in 1998, a 12.1% increase over that of 1997. China's exports to the U.S. reached US$37.98 billion, an increase of 16.1%, while China's imports from the U.S. reached US$16.96 billion, an increase of 4.0%. China saw a favorable trade balance of US$21.02 billion in 1998. In the period from January to June 1999, China-U.S. bilateral trade volume totaled US$27.12 billion, increasing by 11.5% over that of the first half of 1998, with China's exports to the U.S. reaching US$18.11 billion, an increase of 8.4%, and China's imports from the U.S. US$9.00 billion. The primary items that China imported from the U.S. were fertilizer, airplanes, chemical products, medical care instruments, etc., while China's exports were mainly textile, clothing, shoes, suitcases and machinery. The U.S. remains as China's second largest trading partner while China continues to be the fourth largest trading partner of the U.S.. China-U.S. bilateral trade, investment,economic and technological cooperation maintained good momentum of development in 2000. According to statistics from the Chinese Customs, the two way trade volume totaled US$74.47 billion, a 21.1% increase over that of 1999. China's exports to the U.S. amounted to US$52.1 billion, an increase of 24.2%, while China's imports from the U.S. reached US$22.36 billion, up 14.5%. China saw a favorable trade balance of US$29.74 billion in 2000. The U.S. remains as China's second largest trading partner while China continues to be the fourth largest trading partner of the U.S. Coop Solvency – RelationsSpace cooperation is a key first step Thaisrivongs, associate editor at the Harvard International Review, 6 (David, Harvard International Review, May 6, “New Space for US-China Relations”, http://hir.harvard.edu/international-trade/the-final-frontier, accessed 7/2/11) PG From China's entry into the World Trade Organization to the support it has given to US corporations that tap its resources, China's promising steps suggest it is time for the United States to reduce some of the tariffs stifling economic integration and discouraging business cooperation at many levels. The United States should welcome China into the group of countries it considers strong allies, disavowing the history of suspicion and escalating standoffs, and accepting China as a partner in a broader, global context. Aiding the Chinese space program could be the first key step in launching US-China relations into an era of mutual trust and cooperation. Coop Solves Relations – EmpiricsSpace co-op solves relations – Russia proves Ressler, U.S. Air Force Major, 9 (Aaron R., Advancing Sino-U.S. Space Cooperation, April 2009, p. 11, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA539619, accessed 6/29/11) EK While NASA has a diverse history in the realm of international space cooperation, perhaps the most significant is the cooperation with Russia. It is interesting how two countries that were adversaries developed a successful relationship with regard to space cooperation at the peak of the Cold War. In fact, it was these early cooperative efforts between these two countries that paved the way to the modern day success of U.S.-Russia space cooperation. The Cold War cooperative effort that captured the most attention was the Apollo-Soyuz docking in July 1975. Preparation for this event was very challenging, to say the least. Here you had two significantly incompatible space programs and political systems that had to work together in various forums and meetings in order to make this cooperation possible.75 Results of this cooperative effort were much more than just a demonstration to the world that these two Cold War rivals could shake hands in space. The successful docking of the U.S. Apollo and Soviet Soyuz spacecraft demonstrated a common rendezvous and docking mechanism which would allow for possible space rescues, still in use today with the International Space Station (ISS).76 The ISS is a key example of how space cooperation with Russia has been beneficial to the U.S. In February 2003, Russian Soyuz spacecraft were the only means available to travel to and from the ISS for U.S. astronauts following the Columbia space shuttle accident. This reliance on the Russian Soyuz spacecraft to ferry supplies and U.S. astronauts to and from the ISS lasted until NASA shuttle missions resumed in 2005. The U.S. will again be dependent on Russian Soyuz spacecraft when the shuttle program is retired (as currently scheduled) in 2010 until the new Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) is available for NASA to use.77 Russian involvement with the ISS began in 1993, when President Clinton added Russia to the international endeavor that already consisted of the U.S., Europe, Japan and Canada.78 Although originally brought onboard partly to encourage compliance with non-proliferation of ballistic missile technology, the Russians proved valuable and quite significant in the international team. In addition to providing a means for spacelift to and from the ISS, the Russians were important during Phase 1 of the ISS development with U.S. involvement on the Mir space station. During Phase 1, Russians flew onboard the space shuttle seven times and on nine occasions the space shuttle docked with Mir.79
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