Mwezi Tumia eneo hili kwa maneno yanayohusiana na mwezi

9.6.2.2.1 In general

(1) What words indicate that something is generally true?

• in general, generally, mostly, on the whole, in most cases,

9.6.2.2 Mpaka wa kiini cha habari

(1) What words indicate the specific area or topic that is being talked about?

• specify, specified, specification, specifically in regard to, with regard to, in the case of, concerning, in the area of, in, with, between...and, as touching, particular, particularly, more especially

9.6.2.3 Mahusiano ya mlingano

(1) What words indicate that one thing corresponds to another?

• correspond to, correspondence, in accordance with, in relation to, according to, in line with, in proportion to, to apply to, to regard as applicable to, in keeping with

9.6.2.4 Msingi

(1) What words indicate that one thing is the basis for another?

• basis, foundation, on the basis of, in view of, by virtue of, be the basis of, form the basis of, on what basis? What do you base your...?

9.6.2.5.1 Reason

(1) What words reason why someone does something?

• reason, motive, motivation

(2) What words refer to a reason that explains why something happened?

• reason, explanation,

9.6.2.5.2 Pasipo sababu

(1) What words indicate that something has no cause or reason?

• without cause, unreasonable, without basis, absurd, for no reason, by itself

(2) What words indicate that something is contrary to reason?

• contrary to reason, absurd

(3) What words indicate that something is self-caused?

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9.6.2.5 Cause

(1) What words indicate that someone caused something to happen?

• made, cause

(2) What words indicate that something is the cause or reason for an event or state?

• cause, reason, source, because, because of, for this reason, for the above reasons, for the following reasons, first cause, origin, breed (v), gives birth to, due to, owing to, thus

(3) What words indicate that something is reasonable?

• reasonable

9.6.2.6.1 Pasipo matokeo

(1) What words indicate that something had no result?

• without result, without effect, in vain, to no avail, with no result, have no discernable effect, pointless, useless, worthless, be left with nothing, not yield

9.6.2.6 Matokeo

(1) What words indicate the result of something?

• result, outcome, end, to result in, to lead to, wages, to end up being, have as a consequence, therefore, so then, consequently, as a result, for this reason, with the result that, so that as a result, to cause, which caused, so that, that, accordingly, then, hence, and so, yield, has the effect of

9.6.2.7.1 Pasipo kusudi

(1) What words indicate that there is no purpose to an action?

• without purpose, for no purpose, in vain, purposeless, senseless, chance, indiscriminate, meaningless, pointless, undirected,

9.6.2.7 Kusudi

(1) What words indicate the intended purpose of something?

• for, for the purpose of, for the sake of, with the purpose of, to, in order to, so that, to show that,

(2) What words indicate that the purpose is so that something will not happen?

• in order that...not, so that...not, lest

9.6.2.8 Sharti

(1) Conditional sentences: Conditional sentences consist of two clauses, the 'if'-clause or protasis (which is a subordinate clause) and the 'then'-clause or apodosis (which is the main clause). Both of these clauses may take special verb forms. (Interestingly enough, they sometime both take the same special verb forms.)

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(2) There are at least three types of conditional sentences. (Labels, explanations, and examples from Li and Thompson 1981): [Li, Charles N., and Sandra A. Thompson. 1981. Mandarin Chinese: A functional reference grammar. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.]

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(3) reality condition: a conditional relation between two propositions referring to the so-called real world: 'If you see my sister, you will know that she is pregnant'.

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(4) hypothetical: the situation is unreal or imagined, but one that could be true: 'If we moved, we could have a garden'.

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(5) counterfactual: the proposition describes an unreal or imagined situation that could have been true but was not: 'If you had taken algebra, you would know this formula' (but you did not).

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(6) The verb forms that occur in these sentences will be coded according to the type of sentence, and according to which clause of the sentence they occur in.

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(7) Example: the English 'had' + past participle would be coded as:

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(8) meaning label: protasis

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(9) meaning label: counterfactual

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(10)

(11)

(12)

(13) What words indicate the condition of a conditional sentence?

• condition, if, if indeed, if at all, whether...or, or else, otherwise, unless