DE - DESCRIPTORS: composition-; genesis-; regional-; sedimentary-petrology; soils-; South-America; volcanic-ash
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 06-Sedimentary-petrology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: sketch maps.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from Bibliography and Index of Geology Exclusive of North America, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1967-009587
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1967
Registro 2837 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
TI - TITLE: A pollen diagram from the Quaternary of the Sabana de Bogota (Colombia) and its significance for the geology of the northern Andes.
AU - AUTHORS: Hammen-T-van-der; Gonzalez-E
SO - SOURCE: Geologie en Mijnbouw. 43; 3, Pages 113-117. 1964.
PB - PUBLISHER: De Bussy Ellerman Harms. Amsterdam, Netherlands. 1964.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: Netherlands
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1964
LA - LANGUAGE: English
AB - ABSTRACT: A provisional pollen diagram is presented from 200 m of lake deposits and peat from the Sabana de Bogota (Colombia, South America), at an elevation of about 2600 m. It represents the major part of the Quaternary. The sedimentation must have started shortly after the upheaval of the northern Andes. In the lower part the vegetation is poor in species, but gradually new types appear. Part of them (Alnus, Quercus etc.) entered this part of the Andes from the north. A clear zonation can be established, giving a clue for the dating and correlation of terraces in the region. A partly tentative correlation is given of the glacials and interglacials with those of Europe. The upheaval of this part of the Andes must have taken place at the very beginning of the Pleistocene or somewhat earlier, in the Pliocene.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Cenozoic-; Colombia-; microfossils-; paleontology-; palynomorphs-; Quaternary-; Sabana-de-Bogota; South-America
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 09-Paleobotany
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: illus. incl. sketch map.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from Bibliography and Index of Geology Exclusive of North America, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States
IS - ISSN: 0016-7746
CO - CODEN: GEMIAA
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1968-000113
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1968
Registro 2838 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
TI - TITLE: The May birthstone.
AU - AUTHORS: Sinkankas-John
SO - SOURCE: Lapidary Journal. 18; 2, Pages 312. 1964.
PB - PUBLISHER: Lapidary Journal, Inc.. San Diego, CA, United States. 1964.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1964
LA - LANGUAGE: English
DE - DESCRIPTORS: collecting-; Colombia-; emerald-; gems-; history-; mineralogy-; minerals-; mines-; occurrence-; popular-geology; ring-silicates; silicates-; South-America
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 01B-Mineralogy-of-silicates
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute.
IS - ISSN: 0023-8457
CO - CODEN: LAJOA6
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1982-058524
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1982
Registro 2839 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
BK - BOOK TITLE: Magdalena turbidites in deep-sea sediments.
BA - BOOK AUTHORS: Munoz-J-Nicholas-G
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1964
DG - DEGREE GRANTED: Master's
DI - DEGREE GRANTING INSTITUTION: Columbia University, Teachers College. New York, NY, United States. 1964.
LA - LANGUAGE: English
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Colombia-; deep-sea-environment; environment-; Magdalena-Delta; marine-environment; marine-sediments; sediments-; South-America; turbidite-
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 07-Oceanography
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Thesis-or-Dissertation
BL - BIB LEVEL: Monograph
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute.
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1990-072031
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1990
Registro 2840 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
BK - BOOK TITLE: Mineral and water resources of Nevada.
CA - CORPORATE AUTHOR: U. S. Geological Survey, United States; Nevada Bureau of Mines, United States
SO - SOURCE: Bulletin - Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology. 1964.
PB - PUBLISHER: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology. Reno, NV, United States. Pages: 314. 1964.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1964
LA - LANGUAGE: English
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Colombia-; economic-geology; inventory-; metal-ores; mineral-resources; Nevada-; petroleum-; production-; reserves-; South-America; surveys-; United-States; water-resources
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 26A-Economic-geology,-general,-deposits; 21-Hydrogeology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial; Report
BL - BIB LEVEL: Monograph
IL - ILLUSTRATION: illus. incl. 21 tables, geol. sketch maps.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute.
IS - ISSN: 0097-191X
CO - CODEN: NBMGBR
RN - REPORT NUMBER: 65
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1992-028310
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1992
Registro 2841 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
BK - BOOK TITLE: A Miocene toad from Colombia, South America.
BA - BOOK AUTHORS: Estes-Richard; Wassersug-R
SO - SOURCE: Breviora. 193; 1963.
PB - PUBLISHER: Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology. Cambridge, MA, United States. Pages: 13. 1963.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1963
LA - LANGUAGE: English
AB - ABSTRACT: Remains of a toad forming part of the large vertebrate fauna of the Honda group (late Miocene) of the La Venta badlands, Colombia, are referred to the Recent species Bufo marinus. Together with lizards, this toad indicates the modern character of the herpetologic elements of the La Venta fauna and the great extent of the late Miocene flood-plain aquatic habitat in northern South America.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Amphibia-; Bufo-; Cenozoic-; Chordata-; Colombia-; La-Venta-region; Miocene-; Miocene-Bufo; Neogene-; paleontology-; South-America; Tertiary-; Tetrapoda-; Vertebrata-
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 11-Vertebrate-paleontology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Monograph
IL - ILLUSTRATION: illus.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from Bibliography and Index of Geology Exclusive of North America, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States
IS - ISSN: 0006-9698
CO - CODEN: BRVRAG
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1963-001370
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1963
Registro 2842 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
TI - TITLE: Quarzkristalle aus den kolumbianischen Anden (Suedamerika).
AU - AUTHORS: Gansser-August
SO - SOURCE: Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen = Bulletin Suisse de Mineralogie et Petrographie. 43; 1, Pages 91-103. 1963.
PB - PUBLISHER: Verlag Leemann. Zurich, Switzerland. 1963.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: Switzerland
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1963
LA - LANGUAGE: German
LS - LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY: English
AB - ABSTRACT: Quartz crystals resembling those occuring in Swiss Alpine fissures have been found in veins in unmetamorphosed middle Cretaceous shales of the Cordillera Oriental in the Andes of Colombia. The larger crystals, characterized by hexagonal morphology, apparently formed earlier than smaller elongated crystals characterized by trigonal development. The latter also exhibit a lamellar texture.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Andes-; Colombia-; crystallography-; framework-silicates; mineralogy-; quartz-; silica-minerals; silicates-; South-America
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 01-Mineralogy
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: illus. incl. geol. sketch maps.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from Bibliography and Index of Geology Exclusive of North America, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States
IS - ISSN: 0036-7699
CO - CODEN: SMPTA8
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1963-001590
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1963
Registro 2843 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
TI - TITLE: Sedimentary volcanism in eastern Mexico and northern Colombia.
AU - AUTHORS: Humphrey-William-E
SO - SOURCE: Geological Society of America Bulletin. 74; 2, Pages 125-128. 1963.
PB - PUBLISHER: Geological Society of America (GSA). Boulder, CO, United States. 1963.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1963
LA - LANGUAGE: English
AB - ABSTRACT: "The active El Cocuite mud volcano in eastern Mexico and the more quiescent El Totumo mud volcano in northern Colombia are briefly described. The more volatile behavior of the El Cocuite vent may be attributed to the lower viscosity of its mud, itself a function of the more youthful age and lesser lithification of its source formation.".
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Colombia-; Dynamic-geology; El-Totumo-mud-volcano; South-America; volcanism-
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 24-Quaternary-geology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: illus. incl. sketch map.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from Bibliography and Index of Geology Exclusive of North America, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States
IS - ISSN: 0016-7606
CO - CODEN: BUGMAF
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1963-002221
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1963
Registro 2844 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
TI - TITLE: Backbone of Colombia.
AU - AUTHORS: Jacobs-Cyril; Buergl-H; Conley-D-L
SO - SOURCE: Pages 62-72. 1963.
NT - NOTES: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geol., Mem. 2
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1963
LA - LANGUAGE: English
AB - ABSTRACT: The Andes of Colombia from the northern part of the Andean system and consist of three major, essentially dissimilar ranges. The western and central ranges are composed mainly of igneous and metamorphic rocks; the eastern range is composed principally of sedimentary rocks. Details of the structural grain and the geologic history of the ranges, the intermontane valleys and extramontane lowlands, and associated ranges are summarized.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Andes-; Colombia-; geologic-history; orogeny-; South-America; structural-geology; tectonics-
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 16-Structural-geology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: illus. incl. sketch maps.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from Bibliography and Index of Geology Exclusive of North America, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1963-002330
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1963
Registro 2845 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
TI - TITLE: Sobre la estructura de rocas en los alrededores de la sabana de Bogota.
AU - AUTHORS: Martens-Wilhelm
SO - SOURCE: Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales. 12; 45, Pages 93-94. 1963.
PB - PUBLISHER: Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales. Bogota, Colombia. 1963.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: Colombia
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1963
LA - LANGUAGE: Spanish
AB - ABSTRACT: Unusual erosion forms developed on upper Cretaceous sandstone of the Guadalupe formation of the Bogota plateau, Colombia, are products of chemical weathering, diurnal temperature changes during the Pleistocene, and wind work during arid periods.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Bogota-plateau; Colombia-; erosion-features; geomorphology-; South-America
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 23-Geomorphology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: illus.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from Bibliography and Index of Geology Exclusive of North America, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States
IS - ISSN: 0370-3908
CO - CODEN: RCCFAO
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1963-003123
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1963
Registro 2846 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
TI - TITLE: Emerged Holocene South American shorelines.
AU - AUTHORS: Richards-Horace-G; Broecker-W
SO - SOURCE: Science. 141; 3585, Pages 1044-1045. 1963.
PB - PUBLISHER: American Association for the Advancement of Science. Washington, DC, United States. 1963.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1963
LA - LANGUAGE: English
AB - ABSTRACT: Evidence of postglacial emergence, due probably to epeirogenic movements, has been provided by carbon-14 dating of mollusks from marine terraces and raised beaches of localities along the coast of northern Peru, Tierra Bomba island near Cartagena, Colombia, and the Comodoro Rivadavia region of Argentina. Dates of 2,850 to 5,350 years before the present were obtained.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Cenozoic-; Holocene-; postglacial-emergence; Quaternary-; Shoreline-emergence; Shorelines-abandoned; South-America
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 24-Quaternary-geology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: illus.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from Bibliography and Index of Geology Exclusive of North America, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States
IS - ISSN: 0036-8075
CO - CODEN: SCIEAS
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1963-004123
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1963
Registro 2847 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
TI - TITLE: Paradoxides from Colombia.
AU - AUTHORS: Rushton-A-W-A
SO - SOURCE: Geological Magazine. 100; 3, Pages 255-257. 1963.
PB - PUBLISHER: Cambridge University Press. London, United Kingdom. 1963.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-Kingdom
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1963
LA - LANGUAGE: English
AB - ABSTRACT: Fossiliferous material was collected from a black, slightly sheared limestone on the Uribe trail, approximately 90 miles south of Bogota, Colombia. The material includes Paradoxides sp. (first record in South America), Peronopsis or Hypagnostus sp., Ehmania cf. akanthophora, and E. cf. amphibola. The age is middle Cambrian.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Arthropoda-; Cambrian-; Colombia-; Invertebrata-; paleontology-; Paleozoic-; Paradoxides-; South-America; Trilobita-; Trilobitomorpha-
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 10-Invertebrate-paleontology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: illus.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from Bibliography and Index of Geology Exclusive of North America, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States
IS - ISSN: 0016-7568
CO - CODEN: GEMGA4
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1963-004258
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1963
Registro 2848 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
TI - TITLE: Sedimentary volcanism in Eastern Mexico and Northern Colombia.
AU - AUTHORS: Humphrey-William-E
SO - SOURCE: Geological Society of America Bulletin. 74; 2, Pages 125-128. 1963.
PB - PUBLISHER: Geological Society of America (GSA). Boulder, CO, United States. 1963.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1963
LA - LANGUAGE: English
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Eastern-; El-Cocuite; El-Cocuite-mud-volcano; Mexico-; mud-volcanoes; structural-geology
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 16-Structural-geology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: illus.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from Bibliography and Index of North American Geology, U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, United States
IS - ISSN: 0016-7606
CO - CODEN: BUGMAF
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1963-010366
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1963
Registro 2849 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
TI - TITLE: Review of 1962 petroleum developments in South America and Caribbean area.
AU - AUTHORS: Sass-Louis-C; Neff-C-H
SO - SOURCE: Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists. 47; 7, Pages 1237-1293. 1963.
PB - PUBLISHER: American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Tulsa, OK, United States. 1963.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1963
LA - LANGUAGE: English
AB - ABSTRACT: This review covers 24 reporting countries in South America and the Caribbean area. During the review year, geological and geophysical field effort was expended in search of new petroleum reserves in 16 of the 24 countries and this effort totaled about 1430 party-months - up a significant 10% from the preceding year. Wildcat drilling in 1962 was at about the same pace as last year. A total of 374 exploratory wells was drilled in 13 of the reporting countries and 80 of these wildcats were completed as oil or gas producers for a success ratio of 21%. Finally, oil production for the year from the subject area totaled 1,436,984,000 bbl, up 9% over the preceding year. About 80% of this total production came from Venezuela; 8 other countries - all of which have been on a producing basis for many years - provided the remainder. No new countries came on production during 1962. Substantial net acreage relinquishments of concession areas during the year by private companies are reported from Colombia, Bolivia, Venezuela, Peru, and Guatemala.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: 1961-62; 1962-; alkaline-earth-metals; aluminum-; Antilles-; Caribbean-region; chromium-; crystal-chemistry; economic-geology; exploration-and-production; geochemistry-; iron-; Lesser-Antilles; Magnesia-; magnesium-; metals-; mineral-data; natural-gas; oxides-; petroleum-; Petroleum-and-natural-gas; solid-solution; solid-solutions; spinel-; Trinidad-; Trinidad-and-Tobago; West-Indies
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 26-Economic-geology,-general
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: illus., tables.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from Bibliography and Index of North American Geology, U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, United States
IS - ISSN: 0883-9247
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1963-011211
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1963
Registro 2850 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
TI - TITLE: Oil map of Latin America.
CA - CORPORATE AUTHOR: Petroleo Interamericano
SO - SOURCE: Petroleo Interamericano, op.. 21; 6, Pages 68. 1963.
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1963
LA - LANGUAGE: English
AB - ABSTRACT: A fold-out map of Latin America shows oil fields, refineries, and pipelines. Larger-scale insert maps detail oil industry activity in Colombia, Bolivia, Central America, Caribbean islands and Tierra del Fuego. A large chart of petrochemical plants is included.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Caribbean-region; Central-America; energy-sources; maps-; Mexico-; Oil-map-of-Central-America; petroleum-; production-
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 29-Economic-geology-of-energy-sources
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from Bibliography and Index of North American Geology, U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, United States
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1963-011793
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1963
Registro 2851 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
TI - TITLE: Emerald from Burbar, Colombia.
AU - AUTHORS: Eppler-W-F
SO - SOURCE: Journal of Gemmology. 9; 4, Pages 123-126. 1963.
PB - PUBLISHER: Gemmological Association and Gem Testing Laboratory of Great Britian. London, United Kingdom. 1963.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-Kingdom
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1963
LA - LANGUAGE: English
AB - ABSTRACT: Emeralds mined from a new locality between Bogota and Muzo resemble other Colombian emeralds in physical properties and in the presence of certain types of three-phase inclusions, but can be distinguished by two other forms of inclusions that are unusual--single crystals having a refractive index greater than that of emerald (possibly calcite), and groups of birefringent crystals of unknown character having a refractive index lower than 1.58.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Burbar-area; Colombia-; economic-geology; emerald-; gems-; mineralogy-; ring-silicates; silicates-; South-America
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 26-Economic-geology,-general
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: illus.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from Bibliography and Index of Geology Exclusive of North America, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States
IS - ISSN: 0022-1252
CO - CODEN: JGEAAR
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1965-001412
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1965
Registro 2852 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
TI - TITLE: Nuevas observaciones sobre la estratigrafa y tectonica del cuaternario de los alrededores de Bucaramanga.
AU - AUTHORS: Julivert-M
SO - SOURCE: Boletin de Geologia (Bucaramanga). 15; Pages 41-59. 1963.
PB - PUBLISHER: Universidad Industrial de Santander. Bucaramanga, Colombia. 1963.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: Colombia
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1963
LA - LANGUAGE: Spanish
AB - ABSTRACT: A study of the Quaternary deposits in the area of Bucaramanga, Colombia, shows the lower Bucaramanga terrace, a middle red bed complex, and an upper development of small terraces and local peat deposits. The Bucaramanga terrace has a base formed by a lower detrital member 200-250 m thick, composed chiefly of pebbles; a central zone formed by a 15 m member of lacustrine silt, clay, and very fine sand; and an upper zone formed by a 10 m pebble member. The red bed complex is thinner, and formed by silt, pebbles, and boulders in a silty matrix, as well as large isolated blocks. Silt is the most important constituent and this complex is strongly oxidized. A period of erosion occurred between deposition of the terraces and the red oxidized complex as the contact is everywhere unconformable. Later terraces and peat deposits of local significance were formed. The red complex can be traced throughout the Cordillera Oriental and is important for purposes of correlation. The Bucaramanga terrace occurs in a graben limited by the Bucaramanga and Suarez-Ro de Oro faults. Movement on these faults has occurred in the Quaternary and has rotated beds of the Bucaramanga terrace into a vertical position for a distance of 100 km along the fault.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: areal-geology; Bucaramanga-area; Cenozoic-; Colombia-; faults-; fluvial-features; General-description; geomorphology-; Graben-; Quaternary-; sediments-; South-America; terraces-
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