Federative Republic of Brazil National Road Safety Capacity Review
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- International Comparisons
- Fatalities and casualties by road user group
- Road Safety outcomes across states
3.3Road Safety Outcomes in BrazilGlobal Road Safety toll in BrazilThe Health ministry database (DataSUS) is the only database with official records of all deaths on Brazil’s roads. It reports 45,751 deaths and over 188,000 serious injuries in 2012, dropping, for the first time in some years, to 42,266 deaths in 2013. Table 1: Total numbers of traffic crash deaths and serious injuries for Brazil (Source: From National Observatory, which in February 2015 was only able to provide data up to 2012 from DataSUS. The figure for 2013 is from the Ministry of Health18)
However, it is assessed that data losses occur (e.g.: through non-transfer of data or inaccuracies from hospitals/municipalities). No database exists which provides the full picture of road crashes for the entire country; the World Health Organization19 estimated that the official DataSUS numbers understated deaths by 20%. Incomplete coverage of the data is being progressively addressed, and thus it is likely that the proportion of omissions has decreased over years, contributing somewhat to the recorded increase in deaths and serious injuries. Numerous, sometimes quite incomplete, crash databases exist for segments of the Road Safety problem: federal roads, state roads in each state, and some municipalities with some efforts to collate these at the state level. Few of these many databases have a primary focus on understanding and monitoring Road Safety outcomes. For example, the Lider DPVAT insurance claims database would provide national coverage; yet, this database contains other issues such as fraudulent claims, missed cases due to at fault deaths and uninsured vehicles, and claims not occurring in the year of the crash with the data recorded by year of the claim. The Review team evaluated substantial difference between the number of fatalities estimated from the Lider DPVAT database and from DataSUS, calling for further investigation. DataSUS numbers for fatalities result in deeply concerning death rates of 23.6 per 100,000 population in 2012 (based on a population of 194 million) and a rate of 20.6 for 2013 (based on a population of 196 million).
However, there are also many countries with worse Road Safety performances than Brazil as identified in the WHO Global Status Report. Comparison with the countries of South America suggests that Brazil is performing somewhat more poorly than the continent generally, while Argentina and Chile are performing better than the rest of South America (See Figure 1, which employs the WHO data as a uniform source). Fatalities and casualties by road user groupAccording to DataSUS, overall in Brazil, 81.8% of deaths are male; across states, between 75 to 87% of fatalities are male. In addition, younger adults are over-represented among the victims, with every state have the categories of 30-39 or 18-24 years old as the age group with the highest number of deaths. Figure 1. Road crash deaths per population (vertical axis, in 100,000s) for countries in South America20.
Table 2 shows the lethal nature of motorcycles (which are 26.4% of the motorized fleet, but constitute 52.0% of motorized vehicle occupant deaths, and an alarming 82.6% of seriously injured motorized vehicle occupants). Also, the number of cases for which information is not available highlights the limitations of a health system based road crash injury database. Finally this Table and those above reveal a most unlikely ratio of deaths to serious injuries, of around 1 to 4.5. The expected ratio would be much higher (more than double this figure), which suggests a large degree of non-reporting of even significant injuries. Table 2: Brazil’s Road Traffic Deaths and Serious Injuries by Road User Type.21
The above analysis is consistent with Chandran et al.22 who noted the disturbing trend that the proportion of Brazil’s road deaths who are pedestrians and motorcyclists is increasing, and the analysis by Vasconcellos23 which pointed to the unsustainable cost of motorcycle transport for Brazil, and the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute’s analysis of Brazil’s Road Safety challenges.24 Motorcycle and pedestrian safety issues must be specifically targeted for serious improvement. Road Safety outcomes across statesLarge variations in Road Safety outcomes exist across states. Relevant data comparing the states (derived from various sources but mostly from DataSUS) are presented in Table 3. These data highlight the variation in Road Safety performance, the nature of the main problems, and some of the underlying factors contributing to the level of Road Safety achieved. Noteworthy features include: Most casualties are reported in the South-East Region (over 16,000) with the least in the North (at 3,800). However, these differences reflect total populations of regions and the South-East has the lowest death rate per 100,000 people (at 19.8); The most dangerous region for road deaths is the Mid-west with 31.9 deaths per 100,000 people; One predictor of death rate is the proportion of motorcycle deaths: regions and states with higher proportions of their deaths as motorcyclists tend to have worse overall death rates. For example, three states (Piauí, Roraima, and Sergipe) suffer over 60% of road deaths being motorcyclists, and all three states have much higher than average death rates (38.3, 31.7, and 30.8 respectively, versus the national average of 23.6 deaths per 100,000);
Table 3: Official Road Safety Statistics (deaths, injuries) and Exposure Statistics (population, vehicle, road length) by Region.
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