Guizhou Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Environmental Impact Assessment Guiyang Hydropower Investigation Design & Research Institute China Hydropower Engineering Consultation Group Corporation September 18



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Administrative Districts

There are 4 prefectural cities, 3 minority autonomous prefectures and 2 prefectures in Guizhou, they are respectively Guiyang, Zunyi, Anshun, Liupanshui, Qiandongnan, Qiannan, Qianxinan, Bijie and Tongren which administrate 9 county-level cities and 79 counties. The capital city, Guiyang is an important traffic hub for the southwest of China, where 4 trunk railways and a great number of highways are connected. Taking flight from Guiyang airport can reach more than 30 cities including Bangkok, Hong Kong, Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen,.



    1. Natural Resources




      1. Biodiversity

Owing to its long history of isolation, Guizhou is one of China’s most pristine environments. Guizhou has been called the kingdom of mountains and forests, and it is one of the most important forested regions for China. It is an important geographical barriers in the upper reaches of Yangtze River and Zhujiang River with forest coverage rate averaging 34.9 percent.


There are over 1,000 species of wildlife in Guizhou, and 14 of which are national primary protected animals while 69 of which are secondary protected animals. It accounts for 13 percents and 25.7 percents of that in China respectively. There are 70 species of rare plants in Guizhou, 4 of which are national primary protected plants while 27 of which are secondary protected plants. It accounts for 50 percents and 18.9 percents of that in China respectively

      1. Surface Water


.

The province is abundant in surface water resource including 980 rivers over 10 km in length. Surface water resources in Guizhou principally comprise two main river systems, The Yangtze and Pearl River basins. Annual precipitation in Guizhou is as high as 1,179 mm in 2005. Surface water quality in rural area is fairly good but in urban area and downstream of industrial facilities and mines the water quality is particularly poor.



    1. Cultural and Natural Heritage Assets




      1. World Natural Heritage

A joint effort was made by Libo of Guizhou Province, Shilin of Yunnan Province and Wulong of Chongqing City to apply for a world status natural heritage for their Karst Landform that widespread among these cities. It is also the first inter-provincial effort made in China to claim for a world status heritage. On June 27, 2007, this application was agreed in the 31st session of the conference in New Zealand to enter into the list of world natural heritage inventory.


This karst area covers 55 percent of the whole area of karst regions in China. Such karst landform follows a wide variety of extraordinary shapes: the sword and cylindrical tower shaped karst in Yunnan Shilin, the forest shaped karst in Guizhou Libo, the bridge, aperture and cave shaped karst in Chongqing Wulong. These karst landforms were formed in the previous period from 500 thousands years to 300 millions years with a total area of 1460 km2, in which the core area is 480 km2 and the buffer area is 980 km2.
The Libo Karst World Natural Heritage in Guizhou includes Maolan National Nature Reserve and the Daqikong-Xiaoqikong area in Zhang Jiang national scenic area.

      1. Other Areas of Global Significance

Caohai, Fanjing Shan and Maolan nature reserves are classified as Important Bird Areas (IBA), by BirdLife International, a Non-Governmental Organization. IBAs are sites that provide essential habitat to one or more species of breeding, wintering, and/or migrating birds that are recognized by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature as globally threatened species.


Fanjing Shan and Maolan nature reserves are UNESCO Man and Biosphere Reserves. The biosphere reserve concept was developed initially in 1974 by UNESCO, aiming to improve the relationship of people with their environment. Unlike traditional nature reserves, biosphere reserve is characterized by having large human population living within their boundaries.

      1. National Cultural and Natural Heritages

The National Natural Heritage and the combined Natural and Cultural Heritage Directory was promulgated by Ministry of Construction in April 2005. It established the three-level declaration and protection system for the national heritage preliminary directory, world heritage preliminary directory and world heritage directory, in order to enhance the management of heritage resource. There are 4 scenic areas listed in the national heritage directory which are Huangguoshu Falls and Fortress, Malinghe Canyon, Pingtang; and the Huangguoshu and Fortress are both Natural and Cultural Heritage.


There are 6 scenic areas selected in the proposed national heritage directory prepared during the 11th Five-Year Plan period. These are Pingtang, Huangguoshu Falls and Fortress, Chishui Alsophila spinulosa natural heritage, Baili rhododendron forest parks, Libo Zhangjiang, Malinghe canyon, and the Libo Zhangjiang is the South China Karst world heritage site, the Huangguoshu and Fortress are both Natural and Cultural Heritages.

      1. Other Cultural and Natural Heritages



A. Nature Reserves
There are 130 nature reserves in Guizhou with a total area of 961,000 ha, or roughly 5.5% of Guizhou’s total area. There are 7 national level reserves such as Fanjing Mountain, Leigong Mountain, Libo Maolan, Weining meadow, 3 provincial level reserves, 22 prefectural/municipal level reserves and 98 county-level reserves.
B. Forest Parks
The Ministry of Forestry selects areas of forest that possess suitable ecotypes and scenic landscapes to establish parks that are managed for recreation, conservation, cultural and scientific activities. In most cases, forest parks have been established on lands that have been deforested in the past and now replanted with native species for environmental protection, as well as with rare and endangered trees. Guizhou has established 50 forest parks with a total area of 210,000 ha; 19 at national level, 23 at provincial level and eight at county level.
C. Geo-Parks
To protect the geological relics created in the long evolution period of the earth, the Ministry of Land Resource promulgated a series of documents to set up national geo-parks in China. There are six established national geo-parks and two provincial-level geo-parks in Guizhou.
D. Scenic Areas
Based on scenic amenity, cultural or scientific values, there are many outstanding natural and cultural landscapes in Guizhou. The best of these landscapes, especially those that occurred over a substantial area and included many features of interest are protected at national, provincial and county levels as designated scenic areas. There are 13 national level scenic areas and 56 provincial level scenic areas in Guizhou. Collectively they have a total area of 1,208,600 ha, which is 5.8% of total provincial land area.
E. Folk Customs
Due to the long history of isolation, a wide variety of ethnic cultural festivals over 1000 are held each year in Guizhou, besides the traditional Spring Festival and New Year. The distribution of major minority cultural villages for tourism in Guizhou is shown in the Figure 5.5-1 and Figure 5.5-2.
Figure 5.5-1 Guizhou Ethnic Cultural Tourism Strategy Map
Figure 5.5-2 Guizhou Main Tourist Attraction Map




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