Partnership of

In accordance with this, the estimated pollutant values originating from construction equipments:

Hydrocarbons : 29kg/Tx0,052t/h=1,508 kg/h

Nitrogen Oxides : 36kg/Tx0,052t/h=1,872 kg/h

Sulphur oxides : 6,5kg/Tx0,052t/h=0,338 kg/h

Dust : 18kg/Tx0,052t/h=0,936 kg/h
As mass flow values calculated for construction equipments is very low, it will not have any negative impact on the current air quality.
Dust formation is expected during the construction activities of the project. Any kind of solid or liquid substance, which has dimensions of a single molecule, is larger than 0.0002μm, smaller than 500μm and can suspend in the air for a while is in particle class. Principles specified in the Article 7 of the Regulation on Protection of Air Quality enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 02.11.1986 and No. 19269 will be complied with during transportation, unloading and loading of both excavation and excavation wastes during the facility activity. Furthermore, principles in Section 5 of this article will be complied with.
Approximately 30.000m³ (45.000 tons) of excavation waste material is expected to be formed during land preparation. This material obtained will be stored to be used as backfill material in the field and some of it will be used in road construction.
Dust emitting processes such as transport, loading and unloading will be used in calculation of dust emissions due to the above-mentioned conditions. Dust emission calculations will be carried out by considering that the whole excavation waste material has been processed, which is the worst possibility.
Quantities of excavation waste material generation to be processed by working 10 months in a year, 26 days in a month and 8 hours in a day and 3 years in total are given in Table-2.d.5.
Table-2.d.5. Quantities of excavation waste material generation to be formed at the construction stage

Work Period	Generation
	m3	tons
3 years	30.000	45.000
1 year (10 months)	10.000	15.000
1 month (26 days)	1.000	1.500
1 day (8 hours)	38,46	57,6
1 hour	4,8	7,21

Dust emission factors to be used in the calculation of dust emission formations are as follows:

Transport (dust raised from roads) = 0,7 kg/km-vehicle

Loading of Material = 0,01 kg/ton

Unloading of Material = 0,01 kg/ton

- Amount of dust resulting from loading

7,21 ton /hour x 0,01 kg/ton = 0,072kg/hour

- Amount of dust resulting from unloading

7,21 ton /hour x 0,01 kg/ton = 0,072kg/hour

- Amount of dust resulting from loading and unloading

0,072kg/hour + 0,072kg/hour = 0,14kg/hour

* Amount of dust to be formed during transport of material:

The material obtained from excavation will be stored to be used in site grading works, road construction and some of it will be used as backfill material in the field. Transport distance will be approximately 1 km. Considering that a truck transports 13,5 tons of material at a time, for 7,21 tons of material which will be produced in one hour:

7,21ton/hour / 13,5 ton/trip =0,5 trip/hour (1 trip will be completed in one hour)

In this case, the amount of dust to be formed during transport for one-hour production:

1 trip/hour x 1 km/trip x Q,7kg/km =0,7 kg/hour

Mass flow rate value of the dust to be formed in this case:

Q=(1)+(2)

Q₂= 0,14 kg/hour + 0,7 kg/hour + =0,84 kg/hour

It is indicated in article 1.1. of Annex. 2 list of the Regulation on Protection of Air Quality that “the values representing air pollution are values of contribution to air pollution obtained by measurements and total pollution values that constitute these values”. This definition is followed by the provision that “in the case that the emissions occurring in places other than chimneys are lower than 10% of the values given in the table below, there is no need for calculations of Value of Contribution to Air Pollution and Total Pollution Value” in subparagraph (b) of the same article.

Mass flow rate given for dust emission in first line of this table is 15 kg/hour. 10% of this is 1,5 kg/hour. Emission factors were obtained from EPA (www.epa.gov).

Accordingly, as 0,84 kg/hour value is not above the 1,5 kg/hour value, which is the limit value set out in the Regulation on Protection of Air Quality, and all operations will not be carried out simultaneously, there was no need for air modelling.

The dust arising from the road will demonstrate a linear distribution and as the dust amount formed remained below the 1,5 kg/hour value, which is the limit value set out in the Regulation on Protection of Air Quality, there was no need for air modelling.

However, although the value remained below the limit value, the precautions listed in article 7/7 of the Regulation on Protection of Air Quality will be taken:

• 
  Top of transporters will be covered with canvases
  
• 
  Running speed of vehicles will be low (40 km at maximum)
  
• 
  Roads will be moistened continuously.
  

In addition, personnel working in borrow pits have to wear dust mask in line with the Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety of the Ministry of Labour and Social Security of Republic of Turkey. As it will be followed throughout the entire stages of the project, the Regulation on Protection of Air Quality enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated November 2, 1986 and No. 19269, the Regulation on Noise Control enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated December 11, 1986 and No. 19308 and provisions of the Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety of the Ministry of Labour and Social Security of the Republic of Turkey will be complied with during these operations and no problems will arise in terms of human health and environmental health in this context.

Vibration and noise will be generated by the use of heavy machinery and crusher facility - even though it is used to a certain extent during the works to be conducted until the units are put into operation. Machines will not work continuously, but in short periods. When the noises to be generated at site are taken into account, the limits set for site noises in Table 4 of the “Regulation on Noise Control” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 11.12.1986 and No. 19308 will not be exceeded. These limits are as follows:

With regard to the noise that can be generated in the facility, the provisions contained in the “Regulation on Noise Control” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 11.12.1986 and No. 19308 will be complied with. It is stated in the Article 6 of the second section of this regulation pertinent to industry, road and construction machinery that operation, putting into service and use of various noise sources and vehicles that create the maximum noise permitted to be emitted by these sources is prohibited. It is indicated that operation, putting into service and use of vehicles, the sound levels of which are given in Annex 1 and which emit higher levels of noise than

these ones without taking the necessary precautions are prohibited. The values set out in Annex-1 will not be exceeded in compliance with this article. The noise levels set for noise sources in the facility are as follows:

NOISE SOURCES	NUMBER	NOISE LEVEL
		Leq, dBA
Grader	1	120
Road Roller	1	110
Loader	1	115
Excavator	1	105
Dump truck	15	85
Compressor	2	115
Concrete pump	2	115
Concrete plant	3	95
Crusher	1	110
Screen	1	85

AVERAGE EQUIVALENT NOISE LEVEL TO BE GENERATED IN THE FACILITY

n

Leq = 10 log (1/n) ∑10^Li/10

n= number of noise

Li₂= Noise levels, dBA

Leq=10 log(1/28 (10^120/10 ₊10^110/10 +10^115/10 +10^105/10 +15x10^85/10 +2x10^115/10 +3x10^95/10 +2x10^115/10 +10^110/10 ₊10^85/10)

Leq= 110.04 dbA
Equivalent Noise Level will decrease as moved away from the activity area. Noise Levels at certain distances from the activity area are calculated as follows:
The correlation between the noise pressure level at r₂ distance, GBS₂ and the noise pressure level at r₁ distance, GBS₁ provided that it is under the same angle can be presented as follows:

GBS₂ =GBS₁+20log₁₀ (r₁/r₂) – Atmospheric Absorption

When the r₁ distance in the activity area is considered as 1 m by neglecting the atmospheric absorption, Equivalent Noise Levels at certain distances are as follows obtained from the calculations made:
Distance to the activity area, r₂ (m) Leq (dBA)

100 110,04+20log 1/100=70,04

200 110,04+20log 1/200=64,02

400 110,04+20log 1/ 400=58,00

600 110,04+20log 1/600=54,48

800 110,04+20log 1/800=51,98

1000 110,04+20log1/1000=50,04

1200 110,04+20log 1/1200=48,45

1400 110,04+20log 1/1400=47,11

1600 110,04+20log 1/1600=45,95

1800 110,04+20log 1/1800=44,93

2000 110,04+20log 1/2000=44,01

Noise distribution graph created in line with these values is given in Figure 1.

According to the “Regulation on Noise Control” Table-3, noise criteria outside of settlements prepared by taking community behaviours into account was set as 35-45 dB(A). Calculations were carried out by considering that all construction equipments will be operated simultaneously, which is the worst-case scenario, but the construction equipments concerned will not run simultaneously. Therefore, it is seen that the noise created will not pose a risk in settlement units.

In addition, with regard to noise, precautions will be taken as per the relevant articles of the “Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety” dated 11.04.1974 and No. 14765, it will be ensured that people working in the activity area wear ear flaps in order to prevent them from noise as stated in the Article 22 of the same regulation and provisions set out in the Article 78 will be followed.

The nearest settlement unit to the construction site is Kumarlı Village and its distance is 2,5 km. Thus, noise to be detected at the nearest residence and other receiver sources during construction activities is considered to be below the limits set out in the Regulation on Noise Control.

There are no major noise sources that will have a negative impact on the environment at the operation stage of the project.

Liquid and solid wastes as well as emission and noise values to be generated at the construction and operation stages of the hydroelectric power plant planned to be constructed are given in Section 2.d in detail. As will be seen in the relevant sections, liquid and solid wastes as well as emission and noise values to be formed within the scope of the project will remain below the limit values and the facility is not expected to have a negative impact on the environment.

With an installed power of 3×10 MW, Oskan HEPP will generate 109,93 Gwh/year in total, 49,09 Gwh/year of which is reliable.

The facility will consist of diversion structure, power plant, energy intake structures in the power plant, connecting dike and switchyard. These sections of the facility are explained in detail under the relevant headings.

1. Diversion Structures

Construction of Oskan Regulator and HEPP will be completed in two stages depending on the diversion process. At the first stage, the diversion structure and power house building will be constructed on the flat area which is located on the left coast and has an average altitude of 85m. At this stage, the water level will not exceed this altitude therefore there was no need to build a cofferdam. A thin wall will be constructed to prevent water leakage.

The second stage will commence upon completion of plant and diversion structures. At this stage, after the entry and exit channels necessary for the spillway and power plant are opened, the river will be flown from a diversion structure with a cofferdam. The cofferdam is earth fill, slopes of which is 2,5 horizontal and 1 vertical. Crest elevation is 78,00 and crest length is 110m and there is a thin wall of 12 m depth. At this stage, the connecting dike and spillway will be connected to right slope.

2. Connecting Dike

The concrete structures located on the left coast will be connected to the right slope with a homogenous earth fill dike. This dike that will cover the riverbed will have a crest width of 10 m, crest elevation of 85,50 m and crest length of 2150 m.

Water surface slope will be taken as 3 horizontal 1 vertical and air surface slope will be taken as 2,5 horizontal and 1 vertical.

Construction of a thin wall that goes down to 50,05 elevation was envisaged in order to achieve water-tightness under the connection dike. The thin wall will continue below the diversion structure and power plant.

Oşkan and Berkman regulators (at downstream), are facilities which will pass the overflows to come from upstream as they are and have no reservoirs. The diversion structure, which consists of threshold and stilling basin, will be designed in such a way as to deliver a flow rate (Q= 3200 m³/s) equivalent to 100-year renewable overflow peak value of Aslantaş Dam. For this reason, it will operate in parallel with the diversion operation of Aslantaş Dam upstream of facilities.

The energy generated in Oskan HEPP varies depending on development of irrigations upstream. The generations carried out by taking into account the irrigation developments for the years 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2020 are enumerated below. The requirement for Cevdetiye irrigations downstream in operation works were also taken into consideration.

Table-2.f.1. Energy Generation Outputs Expected by Taking Irrigation Developments of Berkman HEPP Project into Account

IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT YEAR	GENERATION (Gwh/year)
	RELIABLE	SECONDARY	TOTAL
1985	69,25	56,58	125,83
1995	64,87	56,64	121.51
2005	49,09	60,84	109,93
2020	29,80	63.89	93,69

4.3. Power Plant, Switchyard and Permanent Equipment

The power house will be established on the left side of the diversion structure. The power plant, consisting of 3-generation blocks and 1 assembly block, will be equipped with pipe-type turbine- generator units, each of which will have a power of 10MW, and will be run-of-river type. Upstream side of the power house building will be equipped with grids and cofferdam gates and be arranged as an irrigation structure. Gross head will be 10,5 m; total flowrate of the power plant will be 345m³/s; rotation number of the generators will be 150 rotation/minute and nominal power will be 11,5MVA. The three unit blocks will have the dimensions of 12,00×47.00m and there will be an assembly block sized 13,00×20.00m on the left of unit blocks. Turbine axis elevation is 69,00. At the 76,00 elevation there will be passage from the generator hall to turbine clearance and generator access shaft. Distribution of units in the power plant as per the floors will be as follows:
1. 84,00 elevation: The power plant will be entered from this floor. Offices and lavatories will be placed on this floor which will only be included in the assembly block.

2. 80,75 elevation: There will be telecommunication, control, relay and 400v distribution rooms on this floor, which is only included in the unit block.

3. 80,00 elevation: dining hall will be available on this floor which will only be included in assembly block.

4. 76,00 elevation: generator crusher and exciter, electrical shop, station service transformer will be available in the part of this floor which will be included in the unit block and storage will be available in the part included in the assembly block.

The most significant potential health problem to arise among workers in the site is the occurrence of a contagious disease. Periodical health control will be applied to the workers in order to minimize this problem.

Danger and warning boards will be put in necessary places in order to prevent the creation of a danger or risk for those working within the facility and in this way, all possible hazards and risks will be minimized.