Project on Standards and Regulation regarding a Bird Strike



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Air Standards ENGR-6421



Submitted to: Dr. Chandra Asthana
Project on

Standards and Regulation regarding a Bird Strike















Submitted By
Tajinder Singh 40003778
Hardik Patel 40010630

Mervin Abraham Thomas 40004593

Jagdeep Singh Sandhu 40006657





Contents


LIST OF FIGURE 2

ABSTRACT 3

1 INTRODUCTION 4

1.1 What Is A Bird Strike? 4

1.2 Bird strike accident 26 February, 1973 4

1.3 Factors needed to be taken into account to study bird strike 4

1.3.1 Birds Classification or Taxonomy 4

1.3.2 Effect of bird weights and density on strikes 4

1.3.3Unpredictable bird behavioural response 5

1.4 Bird behaviour that may create aviation hazards 5

1.4.1 Bird flight 5

1.4.2 Bird flight altitudes 5

1.4.3 Soaring and Gliding 5

1.4.4 Towering 5

1.4.5 Soaring and Gliding 6

1.4.6 Daily bird activities 6

1.4.7 Preventive Strategies 6

1.5 INTERESTING FACTS WE NEED TO KNOE ABOUT BIRD STRIKES 7

2 WILDLIFE-STRIKE COSTS 8

2.1 An Impact-Force Equation 8

2.2 Costs Of Wildlife-Damage To Aircraft 8

2.2.1 Jet engines 9

2.2.2 Piston, turboprop and turboshaft engines 11

2.2.3 Windshields 11

2.2.4 Wing and tail structures 12

2.2.5 Landing gear 13

2.2.6 Other components 14

2.2.7 Delayed-effect damage 14

2.3 Cost Of Aircraft By Striking Birds 15

2.3.1 Direct costs 15

2.3.2 Indirect costs 15

2.3.3 Ancillary costs 16

2.3.4 Hull-loss and fatalities costs 16

2.3.5 The total annual cost of bird strikes 17

3 WILDLIFE-STRIKE PREVENTION: THE SYSTEM SAFETY APPROACH 18

3.1 Shooting Birds: 18

3.2 Egg Oiling: 18

3.3 Overhead Netting and Grid Line: 19

3.4 Methyl Anthranilate (MA): 19

3.5 Drones: 19

3.6 Predators: 20

3.7 Avian Radar: 20

3.8 Landscape Management: 21

3.9 A border collie: 21

3.10 Lights on aircrafts: 21

4 GENERAL SOULUTION TO MINIMIZE THE BIRD STRIKE 23

4.1 The Airport And Surroundings 23

4.2 Air Traffic Service Providers: 24

4.3 The Pilots: 25

4.4 Air Operators: 28

4.5 Airframe and Engine Manufacturers: 31

CONCLUSION 34



REFERENCES 35


LIST OF FIGURE




ABSTRACT


Bird strike occasions are generally normal, happen frequently on the ground or at low elevation, and are typically benevolent. Be that as it may, bird strikes can have critical monetary and intermittent wellbeing results for flight operations. Pilots and administrators ought to be educated about the dangers, and flight groups should to utilize certainties, information, and standard working techniques to decrease the potential for and results of a winged creature strike. Bird strikes are a less dangerous to avionics than other surely understood dangers, for example, loss of control in flight, controlled flight into landscape, and runway outings, however they can and do show chance that should be tended to. Specialists inside the U.S. Government Aviation Administration (FAA), the U.S. Bureau of Agriculture, and the U.S. Naval force and U.S. Flying corps expect the hazard, recurrence, and potential seriousness of untamed life flying machine impacts to become throughout the following decade, in light of expanding air activity, winged creature populaces, and the pattern to twin-motor air ship. Administrators and flight groups need to be aware about the danger of bird strikes, counteractive action methodologies, and moves to make taking after a bird strike. This article examines the qualities of winged creature strikes, highlights the significance of reporting fledgling strikes discussing the regulatory organisations working at different levels and talks about the preventive measures and strategies.

1 INTRODUCTION


As the aviation industry continues to grow, so are the challenges for the industry. So there has been a trend of continuously monitoring the aircraft accidents to figure out the reasons responsible for the occurring and drafting out the set of new rules and regulations to counter the threats. One of such threats that was under estimated in earlier stage was the bird strikes.

1.1 What Is A Bird Strike?


A collision between an aerial animal and a man-made vehicle such as aircraft or spacecraft is known as Bird Strike. It results in the death of birds due to the collision and also it's a great threat to the flight safety. The majority of bird strikes cause a slight effect to the aircrafts but it is really destructive to the birds involved. The maximum accidents occur whenever a bird is sucked into the engines of mechanical aircraft.

1.2 Bird strike accident 26 February, 1973


On this date a Learjet 24aircraft departed from Atlanta (Peach tree DeKalb airport) strike with brown headed cow birds which were attracted to nearby trash transfer station .Intense bird strike caused engine failure eventually leading to crashing of aircraft on a rooftop of a building. Accident killed 8 people including 5 passengers, 2 crew members and 1 person at roof top of the building. In the response to this accident FAA took serious measures to clean up the areas around the air strips to avoid attraction for birds [1].


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