Report No. 70290-ge

BRT Bus rapid transit

CHF Swiss Franc

CO Carbon monoxide

CO₂ Carbon dioxide

EC European Commission

EEV Enhanced Environmentally-friendly Vehicles

EFFECT Energy Forecasting Framework and Emissions Consensus

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

ESMAP Energy Sector Management Assistance Program

EU European Union

EV Electric vehicles

GDP Gross Domestic Production

GEL Georgian lari

GHG Green house gas

GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit

HC Hydro carbon

IEA International Energy Agency

ITS Intelligent transportation systems

LLC Limited Liability Company

LRT Light rail transit

LTA Land Transport Agency

MoE Ministry of Energy

MoEnv Ministry of Environment

MoESD Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development

MoRDI Ministry of Regional Development and Infrastructure

NO_X Mono-nitrogen oxide

NTA National Tourism Agency

OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development

PM Particulate matter

Ro-Mo Rolling Motorway

Ro-Ro Rolled-on and rolled-off

RUC Road user charges

SO₂ Sulfur dioxide

TPD Transport Policy Department within the MoESD

TRACECA Transport Corridor Europe-Caucasus-Asia

TWh Terawatt-hour

UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

VOC Volatile organic compounds

WDI World Development Indicators

Regional Vice President:		Philippe H. Le Houérou, ECAVP
Country Director:		Asad Alam, ECCU3
Sector Director:		Laszlo Lovei, ECSSD
Sector Manager:		Henry G. R. Kerali, ECSSD
Task Team Leader:		Jung Eun Oh, ECSSD

List of Figures and Tables 3

Acknowledgement 5

Executive Summary 6

I.Introduction: Framing the Policy Questions 1

A.What is Green Transportation? 1

B.What is the Rationale for Green Transportation? 1

C.What is the Rationale for Government’s Involvement in Greening Transportation? 5

II.Defining the Goal, Principle, Instruments and Scope 8

A.Goal: Reduce Total Cost of Transportation 8

B.Principle: Influence and Improve Transport User Choices 8

C.Instruments: Tools to Influence and Improve Transport User Choices 9

D.Scope: Transport Network and Key Sub-sectors in Georgia 13

III.Policy Framework for Green Transportation in Georgia 16

A.Integrate Environmental Concerns into Transport Policy 16

B.Achieve and Maintain a Greener Vehicle Fleet 21

C.Promote Low Emission Freight Transport Modes 31

D.Support Commercial Development of Intercity Passenger Transport Services 39

E.Transform Minibuses and Taxis into Modern Urban Transport Modes 45

F.Support Sustainable Development of Urban Transport 51

IV.Summary and Roadmap of Priority Actions 57

A.Summary of the proposed Green Transportation Policy Framework 57

B.Business-As-Usual vs. Green Transportation Scenarios 59

C.How to Implement the Policy Framework: Roadmap for Green Transportation 65

ANNEX 1: EFFECT Analysis Methodology 69

AEFFECT: Energy Forecasting Framework and Emissions Consensus Tool 69

D.Data used in the analysis 71

E.Assumptions used in the analysis 83

ANNEX 2: London’s Electric Vehicle Deployment Program 86

APolicy Drivers 86

F.Charging Infrastructure 86

G.Vehicle Technology 87

H.Implementation 87

ANNEX 3: Review of Vehicle Replacement and Retrofit Programs 89

AScrapping and Relocation Programs 89

I.Vehicle Replacement 90

J.Retrofit Programs 91

References 93

Directory: curated
curated -> Concept stage
curated -> Concept stage
curated -> Republic of Côte d'Ivoire Urbanization Review
curated -> Report No: aus11011 Central America
curated -> Report No. 94474-pk fiscal Disaster Risk Assessment Options for Consideration
curated -> Environmental and Social Management Framework for the Costa Rica Telecommunications Sector Modernization Project
curated -> Environment Impact Assessment For Jiangxi Shangrao Sanqingshan Airport Beijing Guohuantiandi Environmental Technology Development Center. Ltd. Oct. 2012 Content
curated -> Growth through Innovation An Industrial Strategy for Shanghai By Shahid Yusuf Kaoru Nabeshima April 22nd, 2009
curated -> Report No: 70178. People's Republic of China