Report No. 94474-PK
Fiscal Disaster Risk Assessment
Options for Consideration
PAKISTAN
March 2015
Standard Disclaimer
This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.
All Rights Reserved
The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly.
Copyright © 2015 The World Bank / Pakistan
20-A, Shahrah-e-Jumhuriat, G-5/1
Islamabad, Pakistan
Contents
Acknowledgements 4
Abbreviations 5
Executive Summary 6
Chapter 1: Introduction 9
Chapter 2: Fiscal Management of Natural Disasters 12
2.1.Emergency Response/Relief Phase 17
2.2.Recovery Phase 18
2.3.Reconstruction Phase 19
Chapter 3: Financial Disaster Risk Assessment 20
2.4.Contingent liability and post-disaster spending needs 20
2.5.Analysis of historical disasters in Pakistan 21
2.6.Statistical fiscal disaster risk analysis 24
2.7.Preliminary earthquake risk profile of Pakistan 28
Chapter 4: Review of the Private Catastrophe Risk Insurance Market 32
2.8.Background 32
2.9.Overview of the market 32
2.10.Private property catastrophe insurance 35
Chapter 5: Options for a National Disaster Risk Financing Strategy 38
2.11.Option 1: Develop a central database for recording disaster losses and expenditures 38
2.12.Option 2: Operationalize the National and Provincial Disaster Management Funds 39
2.13.Option 3: Clarify contingent liability associated with post-disaster cash transfer programs and enhance financing sources behind the programs 41
2.14.Option 4: Develop financial disaster risk assessment tools 43
2.15.Option 5: Develop a national disaster risk financing strategy 44
2.16.Option 6: Establish a robust catastrophe risk insurance program for public assets 46
2.17.Option 7: Promote property catastrophe insurance for private dwellings 47
Annexes 50
Annex 1. Historical Natural Disaster Database for Pakistan 51
Annex 2. World Bank Development Policy Loan with Catastrophe Deferred Drawdown Option 54
2.18.Key Features 55
2.19.Pricing Considerations 55
Annex 3. Mexican Natural Disaster Fund FONDEN 58
2.20.The Fund for Natural Disasters (FONDEN) 58
2.21.Main Features of FONDEN 58
2.22.FONDEN Institutional Structure 59
2.23.FONDEN Program 60
2.24.FONDEN Trust 60
2.25.The FONDEN Disaster Risk Financing Strategy for 2011 61
Annex 4. Turkish Catastrophe Insurance Pool 63
Annex 5. The Post-Disaster Operational Phases 65
Annex 6. Operational Framework for Implementing Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance Solutions 67
2.26.Source of Financing Post-Disaster 75
Annex 7. Examples of World Bank Initiatives to build Financial Resilience to Disasters
(taken from World Bank Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance Program review) 80
The team is grateful to the peer reviewers, Daniel Clarke, Kelly Johnson and Oscar Ishizawa.
The authors would like to thank Rachid Benmessaoud, Bernice K. Van Bronkhorsht, Francis Ghesquiere and Reynold Duncan for their guidance in finalizing this report. The team gratefully acknowledges funding support from the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR).
ADB
|
Asian Development Bank
|
AEL
|
Annual Expected Loss
|
AJK
|
Azad Jammu and Kashmir
|
CAT DDO
|
Catastrophe Deferred Drawdown Option
|
CRESTA
|
Catastrophe Risk Evaluations and Standardizing Target Accumulations
|
DDMAs
|
District Disaster Management Authorities
|
DNA
|
Damage and Needs Assessment
|
DRFI
|
Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance
|
FATA
|
Federally Administered Tribal Areas
|
GFDRR
|
Global Facility for Disaster Reduction Recovery
|
GoP
|
Government of Pakistan
|
KPK
|
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
|
MFIs
|
Microfinance Institutions
|
MoF
|
Ministry of Finance
|
NADRA
|
National Database and Registration Authority
|
NDMA
|
National Disaster Management Authority
|
NDMC
|
National Disaster Management Commission
|
NDMF
|
National Disaster Management Fund
|
NICL
|
National Insurance Company Limited
|
PDMA
|
Provincial Disaster Management Authority
|
PDMF
|
Provincial Disaster Management Fund
|
PML
|
Probable Maximum Loss
|
PRCL
|
Pakistan Reinsurance Company Limited
|
PSDP
|
Public Sector Development Program
|
SECP
|
Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan
|