The promise of melatonin targets/ receptors as therapeutic targets in multiple therapy areas

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Supplementary material.

This section is the Table 1 of the essay entitled “The promise of melatonin targets/ receptors as therapeutic targets in multiple therapy areas”. It is central to the understanding of the generation of the idea that melatonin does not act solely through receptors and the hypothetical nuclear factor to exert its multiple actions. Neither does it act per se, or only marginally.

The table is a NON-EXHAUSTIVE survey of the literature reporting on the protection afforded by melatonin on multiple models. Most of the models are animal-based, some cellular and a couple a-cellular. The information brought by the table is essentially a collection of keywords that might attract the reader to go directly to the original paper for further details.

As often in the melatonin literature, the concentrations or the amounts of melatonin used are “pharmacological”: i.e. largely beyond micromolar concentrations.

As mentioned above, this list is exemplary of the melatonin situation, not the complete catalog of its actions.

Table 1: Benefits of melatonin throughout the literature

Authors	Date	Protection against..	Targets	Amount	Species		ref

Mori et al.	1984	dexametasone-induced injuries	all	1mg/day	rats		[1]
Aoyama et al.	1987	dexametasone-induced injuries	all	Same	rats		[2]
Pieri et al.	1994	oxidative stress	nonenzymatic	0.5 to 4 µM	acellular/ molecular		[3]
Blickenstaff et al.	1994	radiation-induced mortality	whole body	1 mmol/kg	mice		[4]
Maestroni et al.	1994	tumor growth	Tcells	~20 µg/day	mice		[5]
Vijayalaxmi et al.	1995	radiation-induced chromosome damage	cells	0.5 to 2 mM	human cells		[6]
Ben-Nathan et al.	1995	Semliki Forest virus-induced encephalitis	brain	500 µg/kg (x13)	mice		[7]
Melchiorri et al.	1995	paraquat-induced oxidative stress	lung & liver	10 mg/kg	rats		[8]
Giusti et al.	1995	kainate-induced excitotoxicity	neurons	0.5 - 2.5 mM	rat cells		[9]
Vijayalaxmi et al.	1995	radiation-induced micronuclei	lymphocytes	2mM	human lymphocytes		[10]
Daniels et al.	1995	CCl4-induced lipid peroxidation	liver	10 mg/kg	rats		[11]
Sewerynek et al.	1995	H2O2-induced lipid peroxidation	brain	0.1 to 4 mM	rats		[12]
Melchiorri et al.	1995	kainate-induced lipid peroxidation	brain	0.1 to 4 mM	rats		[13]
Sewerynek et al.	1995	lipopolysaccharide-induced toxicity	liver	1 mg/kg	rats		[14]
Manev et al.	1996	kainate-induced apoptosis	brain	2.5 mg/kg	rats		[15]
Hara et al.	1996	swinning-induced oxidative stress	muscle	1 mg/kg	rats		[16]
Giusti et al.	1996	kainate-induced excitotoxicity	brain	10 mg/kg	rats		[17]
Melchiorri et al.	1996	kainate-induced lipid peroxidation	brain	0.1 to 5 mM	rats		[18]
Sewerynek et al.	1996	ischemia/reperfusion-induced oxidative damage	liver	10 mg/kg	rats		[19]
Yamamoto & Tang	1996	L-Cysteine-induced seizures	brain	20 or 100 mg/kg	mice		[20]
Ellis	1996	Aleutian disease-induced mortality	all	2.7 mg per animal	mink		[21]
Vijayalaxmi et al.	1996	radiation-induced genetic damage	monocytes	300 mg	human monocytes		[22]
Livrea et al.	1997	lipid peroxydation	acellular	5 to 500 µM	lipod bilayers		[23]
Hara et al.	1997	exercice-induced oxidative stress	muscle, liver	1 mg/kg	rats		[24]
Konturek et al.	1997	ischemia/reperfusion-induced lesions	stomach	5mg/kg	rats		[25]
Melchiorri et al.	1997	alcohol-induced injury	gastroduodenum	10 mg/kg	rats		[26]
Cho et al.	1997	ischemia/reperfusion-induced toxicity	forerbrain	10 mg/kg	rats		[27]
Princ et al.	1997	delta-aminolevulinic acid-induced oxidative damage	cerebellum	0.1 to 2 mM	rats		[28]
Abuja et al.	1997	copper-induced oxidative stress	LDL	250 mM			[29]
Morreale & Livrea	1997	oxidative stress	skin homogenates	up to 200mM	human		[30]
De La Lastra et al.	1997	ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury	stomach	up to 20mg/kg	rats		[31]
Brzozowski et al.	1997	stress, ethanol, ischemia, and aspirin-induced acute lesions	stomach	up to 10 mg/kg	rats		[32]
Antolin et al.	1997	H2O2-induced lethal oxidative stress		0.5 mM	dinoflagelate		[33]
Princ et al.	1998	delta-aminolevulinic acid-induced oxidative damage	porphiria	50 to 500 µg/kg	rats		[34]
Carneiro & Reiter	1998	delta-aminolevulinic acid-induced oxidative damage	brain	10 mg/kg	rats		[35]
Kotler et al.	1998	oxidative stress	induction of antioxidant enzymes	500 µg/kg	rats		[36]
Carneiro & Reiter	1998	delta-aminolevulinic acid-induced oxidative damage	kidney & liver	10 mg/kg	rats		[37]
Awara et al.	1998	carbamazepine mutagenesis	luymphocytes	0.5 mM	human cells		[38]
Skaper et al.	1998	enhanced excitatory neurotransmission_induced neuronal death	neurons	10 to 300 µM	rats		[39]
Melchiorri et al.	1998	paraquat genotoxicity	bone marrow and peripheral blood cells	2 mg/kg	mice		[40]
Itzhak et al.	1998	methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity	brain	10 mg/kg	mice		[41]
Dreher et al.	1998	UV irradiation-induced erythema	skin	1 & 2.5 %	human		[42]
Walters-Laporte et al.	1998	LDL peroxidation	endothelial cells	10 to 100 µM	human	[43]
Kato et al.	1998	stress-induced gastric lesions	stomach	1 to 5 mg/kg	rats	[44]
Mayo et al.	1999	6-hydroxydopamine toxicity	antiapoptotic	100 nM	PC12 cells	[45]
Vijayalaxmi et al.	1999	whole body irradiation	whole body	125 to 250 mg/kg	mice	[46]
Alarcon de la Lastra et al.	1999	indomethacin-induced gastric injury	stomach	0.25 to 1 mg/kg	mice	[47]
Borowicz et al.	1999	protection against anti-epileptic drugs	brain	50 mg/kg	mice	[48]
Kumar et al.	1999	cyclosporine-induced nephrotxicity	kidney	0.5 mg/kg	rats	[49]
Kaya et al.	1999	radiotherapy-induced lipid peroxidation	whole body	100 mg/kg	rats	[50]
Crespo et al.	1999	prevents endotoxemia	whole body	10-60 mg/kg	rats	[51]
Sainz et al.	1999	antiapoptotic action	thymocytes & thymus	100 nM	rats	[52]
Siu et al.	1999	nitric oxide-induced lipid peroxidation	retinae	0.5 to 4 mM	rats	[53]
Badr et al.	1999	radioprotective effect	whole body	10 mg/kg	rats	[54]
Vijayalaxmi et al.	1999	irradiation-induced genetic damage	blood & bone marrow	5-10 mg/kg	mice	[46]
El-Missiry	2000	lead-induced toxicity	liver	30 mg/kg	rats	[55]
Behan et al.	1999	NMDA-induced hippocampal damage	brain	40 mg/kg	rats	[56]
Di Mascio et al.	2000	peroxynitrite-induced cytoskeleton protein depletion	cell membranes	1 mM		[57]
Cabrera et al.	2000	quinolinic acid-induced neurotoxicity	brain	10 mg/kg	rats	[58]
Lopez-Gonzalez et al.	2000	cisplatin-induced ototoxicity	ear	10 mg/L	rats	[59]
Okatani et al.	2000	free radical-induced damage	brain	10 mg/kg	rats	[60]
Lopez et al.	2000	biliary duct ligature-induced oxidative stress	biliary duct	750 mg/kg	rats	[61]

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