Voices Shaping the
Perspectives of Young
Muslim Australians
Professor Jock Collins, Professor Andrew Jakubowicz, Wafa Chafic, Dr Kais Al‐momani, Jamila Hussain, Associate Professor Devleena Ghosh, Dr David Cole, Professor Alastair Pennycook
Cosmopolitan Civil Societies Research Centre University of Technology, Sydney May 2011
Acknowledgements
The research team wishes to thank the numerous people who have participated in this project, and all those who worked to facilitate it. This project was carried out in three states, focusing on young Muslim Australians in the cities of Sydney, Melbourne and Darwin.
As such there were numerous one‐to‐one interviews and group consultations in each city, with young Muslim Australians, as well as with people who work with them. We also coordinated a large community consultation day in Campsie for this and the other National Action Plan research projects concurrently running in Sydney. Here we acknowledge the assistance of the Community Relations Commission, the Liverpool Migrant Resource Centre and the management of the Orion Function Centre in Campsie.
In Sydney, the team is indebted to the Australian Multicultural Eid Festival and Fair Consortium, the UTS Muslim Students Volunteer Team, the UTS Equity & Diversity Unit, and UTS Marketing & Communication Unit, who helped make the Eid Festival Research day highly successful. We would also like to thank the Muslim school that participated in this research, and Peter Gould from Azaan Inspired Graphics who did the artwork on the post card for the project.
In Melbourne, we would like to thank the Islamic Council of Victoria, the Islamic Women’s Welfare Council of Victoria, and the team at R.I.S.E (Refugees, Survivors and Ex‐Detainees) for their assistance.
In Darwin the Multicultural Council of Northern Territory, Multicultural Youth NT, NT Youth Affairs Network, the Palmerston and Rural Youth Services Network, the Islamic Society of Darwin, the staff at the Melaleuca Refugee Centre, and the Somali community, were very generous in their support of this project, guiding us through unfamiliar terrain.
We wish to thank Anna Hassett and Matthew Jones from the Department of Immigration and Citizenship for their constructive input into this project. We would also like to acknowledge the valuable input of Catherine Yu Zhao for analyzing the statistical material generated from the project and Shuman Partoredjo for reading various drafts of this report.
Most importantly this research would not have been possible without the many inspiring young
Muslim Australians who so willingly and in good faith, gave of their time and of themselves.
This report was compiled by Wafa Chafic, Dr. Kais Al‐Momani and Professors Jock Collins and
Andrew Jakubowicz.
Acknowledgements 1
Executive Summary 4
Key findings 5
Programs and projects for young Muslim Australians 6
Recommendations 8
1. Introduction 9
2. Literature Review 11
3. Methodology 23
Social Ecology Framework 23
Quantitative Research 27
Qualitative Research 28
Sydney Consultations 28
Melbourne Consultations 29
Darwin Consultations 29
4. Quantitative Analysis 30
Characteristics of the sample 30
Religious observance 40
Life in Australia 50
Social networks with non Muslim friends 55
Experience of discrimination 58
Cyber media 61
Sources od advice and people who impress 65
5. Qualitative Analysis 75
Identity Development 76
Social networks of bonding and bridging 78
Aspiration and inspiration 82
Safety, Belonging and Displacement 86
Racism, prejudice and discrimination 90
Media and representation 94
Sustaining youth programs 98
6. Conclusions 103
Mapping Social Ecology 103
Voices of Influence 104
Best practice models 106
7. Recommendations 108
A final note 119
8. Bibliography 120
Appendix A 126
Selected Australian & International programs with Muslim Youth 126
Australia 127
United States 144
United Kingdom 157
France 178
New Zealand 191
Appendix B 192
Questionnaire 192
Executive Summary
This is the final report on the research project the ‘Voices Shaping the Perspectives of Young Muslim Australians Today’ to the Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC). The aims of this research project are: 1) to provide a social ecology of the voices that inspire young Muslims, the voices they hear including their own, their peers’ and the official voices of the society and government; 2) to review the relevant literature in Australia and comparable nations; 3) to identify the plurality of voices of influence and the various ways in which young Muslim Australians mobilize religious and political symbols, and language around cultural, social and political issues; 4) to identify the relevant sources and voices of influence important for shaping the experience, attitudes, beliefs and opinions of young Muslims in Australia; and 5) to provide an assessment of current practical measures which support and facilitate voices and to identify consistent gaps in government, non‐government and individual approaches in this regard. The Department of Immigration and Citizenship’s expressed aim for commissioning this research is to identify and support young people in general and where appropriate.
An inter‐disciplinary research team from the UTS Cosmopolitan Civil Societies Research Centre conducted the research. The research project took a ‘social ecology’ approach whereby the point of departure was that the lives and experiences of young Muslim Australians were embedded in their social, cultural, political, theological and ideological environments. In social ecology, these relationships are understood as multi‐directional and constantly evolving.
The research report reviews the relevant national and international literature and provides the results of quantitative research in Sydney and qualitative research in Sydney, Melbourne and Darwin involving young Muslim Australians and key stakeholders from Australia’s Muslim communities and other relevant institutions and organizations.
The quantitative research involved a survey of young male and female Muslim Australians conducted at the Muslim Eid Festival and Fair in Sydney. The qualitative research took the form of: focus groups of young Australians from Middle Eastern (Lebanese, Iraqi, Iranian, Afghan, Turkish), South Asian (Pakistani and Indian) and African (Somali, Nigerian, Togo, Ethiopian) backgrounds; focus groups of key stakeholders from Muslim communities and service providers who work with them; in‐depth interviews of Muslim Australians and key stakeholders; and case studies where a few selected young Muslim Australians took part in repeat, in‐depth interviews.
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