Chicago Debate League 2013/14 Core Files
NC Extensions [Critical Immigration]: A/t - #3 “U.S. Outspends China” 354
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- 2NC Extensions [Critical Immigration]: A/t - 4 “No Link” [1/2] 355
2NC Extensions [Critical Immigration]: A/t - #3 “U.S. Outspends China” 3541) Their evidence isn’t conclusive or predictive. It says the U.S. has been the largest trading partner in Latin America in the past, but does not speak to future partnerships. The trends show that the U.S. is losing ground while China is gaining. 2) Even if the U.S. built up a large trade relationship in the past, it is slowing while China is growing rapidly. REUTERS, 13 [Gary Regenstreif, “The looming U.S.-China rivalry over Latin America,” 6/12, http://blogs.reuters.com/great-debate/2013/06/12/the-looming-u-s-china-rivalry-over-latin-america/] In Obama’s first term, however, the administration was widely viewed as neglecting Latin America. And China has moved in fast. China built its annual trade with the region from virtually nothing in 2000 to about $260 billion in 2012. In 2009, it overtook the United States as the largest trading partner of Brazil, the region’s powerhouse — largely through massive purchases of iron ore and soy. Other data is telling: In 1995, for example, the United States accounted for 37 percent of Brazil’s foreign direct investment. That dropped to 10 percent in 2011, according to the Council of the Americas, which seeks to foster hemispheric ties. 3) China is outspending the U.S. in Latin America. GLOBALIST, 13 [Kevin Gallagher, “Time for a U.S. Pivot to Latin America,” 6/18, http://www.theglobalist.com/StoryId.aspx?StoryId=10035] Since 2003, thus over the past decade, China's policy banks have provided more finance to Latin America than their counterparts at the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank and the U.S. Export-Import Bank. If anything ought to awaken the United States from its past slumber and taking Latin America essentially for granted, that comparison ought to do it. Simply put, the United States and the array of largely Western-dominated international financial institutions have been outgunned by China's financial muscle. Welcome to the brave new world! 2NC Extensions [Critical Immigration]: A/t - #4 “No Link” [1/2] 3551) The link does not depend on specific policies or actual completion, only on China’s perceptions of U.S. intent. China is working to increase government-to-government ties with Latin American countries while the U.S. is bogged down in other regions. The plan signals a change that the U.S. might start investing in Latin America again, which causes China to preemptively fear future policies. Extend our SAUNDERS evidence. 2) The competition comes from relationships, not specific policies. Increased assistance from the United States creates a direct trade-off with investment from China because Latin American countries view the partnerships as zero-sum. ELLIS, 12 [Evan, assistant professor of National Security Affairs at National Defense University; “The United States, Latin America and China: A “Triangular Relationship”?” May, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD8661_China_Triangular0424v2e-may.pdf] The ability of the United States to serve as a market and a source of investment for Latin America has influenced the region’s receptivity toward the PRC. The initial openness of the region to promises of investment and trade by Chinese President Hu Jintao came just after Latin America reached a historic low with regard to flows of investment from the United States and other sources.25 The 2007-2009 global financial crisis, which significantly impaired US purchases of Latin American exports and US credit to the region, strengthened the perceived importance of the PRC for Latin American governments, and Chinese commodity purchases and investments emerged as one of the key factors helping these governments weather the crisis. Nonetheless, as noted earlier, while the PRC has occupied an important symbolic role as the largest and most visible source of new capital and markets, it has not been the only player to which Latin America has looked as the region seeks to engage globally. Attention also has been given to India and other emerging markets of Asia, as well as traditional players, such as the European Union, and actors such as Russia and Iran. At the political level, US engagement with Latin American countries has impacted the ability of the PRC to develop military and other ties in the region. Although journalistic and academic accounts often suggest that the 19th century Monroe Doctrine continues to be pursued by contemporary US policymakers, with a presumed desire to “keep China out” of the region,26 official US policy has repeatedly met Chinese initiatives in the hemisphere with a cautiously welcoming tone.27 Nonetheless, Latin America’s own leadership has responded to Chinese initiatives with a view of how engagement with China could damage its relationship with the United States. Colombia’s close relationship with the United States, for example, made the military leadership of the country reluctant to procure major military items from the PRC.28 The same logic has also applied to countries such as Venezuela, Ecuador and Bolivia, for whom embracing the PRC politically and economically signaled displeasure with the United States. The degree to which a “bad” relationship with the United States has propelled a “positive” relationship with China has increasingly gone beyond symbolism. The desire of Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez to diversify away from Venezuelan dependence on the United States as the nation’s primary oil export market, for example, opened the door for massive loan-backed Chinese construction projects, the purchase of Chinese commercial goods and greatly expanded participation by Chinese oil companies.29 US refusal to sell F-16 fighter aircraft and components to Venezuela in 2006 prompted Venezuela to engage with China, and other countries, to procure military hardware. Similarly, Bolivia purchased Chinese K-8s after the United States blocked it from acquiring a comparable aircraft from the Czech Republic.30 Directory: wp-content -> uploads -> 2011 2011 -> Voices of the Old Sea Norman Lewis 2011 -> Malevil Robert Merle 2011 -> The Elephant Keeper’s Children Peter Hoeg 2011 -> Jv packet •Mars Colonization Affirmative •Mars Colonization Negative 2011 -> Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) omb no. 1024-0018 2011 -> All America Looks Up to Virginia;” Virginia and the Declaration of Independence 2011 -> Rao bulletin 2011 -> Christopher Columbus was born between 25 August and 31 October 1451 in 2011 -> The Battle of Frenchtown (1855), Washington Territory: the Political and Demographic Context rev 9/4/11 2011 -> Seti aff •seti neg •Asteroids Aff Download 3.16 Mb. Share with your friends:
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