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Technical documents include standard technical documentation, state standards, construction norms and regulations, sanitary norms and regulations, handbooks containing information on particular quantitative standards, indicators, and criteria. According to Article 7 of the Law on Environmental Protection the environmental quality norms and standards are developed based on provisions of international conventions and agreements in accordance with accepted scientific standards. Environmental quality standards on maximum permitted harmful effects, as well as methods of their determination are set by the republican state bodies on environmental protection and health care of the Kyrgyz Republic in coordination with other state bodies subject to their competency in this field. The Kyrgyz Republic keeps using nature protection standards of the former Soviet Union, however, standard documentation is still being revised and improved.
Article 8. Types of environmental quality standards
Environmental quality norms and standards system includes:
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Standards on admissible concentrations of pollutants in atmospheric air, surface waters, soil and underground;
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Standards on admissible levels of pollutant emissions and discharges;
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Standards on admissible radiation levels;
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Standards on admissible levels of environmental burden;
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Standards on sanitation and protected areas;
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Standards on natural resource use;
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Standards on admissible levels of noise, vibration, electromagnetic fields and other harmful physical impacts;
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Admissible norms of applying chemicals in agriculture;
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Standards on accessible concentrations of chemical, toxic, carcinogenic and biological additives in food products.
Legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic shall have a right to set other environmental quality standards in addition to the ones listed above.
1.8 International Agreements
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Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context (ratified by the decree of the Legislative Committee o f the Parliament (Jogorku Kenesh) of the Kyrgyz Republic as of November 1, 2000);
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Vienna Convention on Ozone Layer Protection, and Montreal Protocol on Ozone Layer Depleting Substances (ratified by the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic # 16 as of January 15, 2000);
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On Kyrgyz Republic accession to the UN European Economic Commission Convention On Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context (ratified by the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic # 6 as of January 12, 2001);
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Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice on Environmental Issues (ratified by the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic #5 as of January 15, 2001).
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Law of the Kyrgyz Republic On Kyrgyz Republic Accession to the Convention on Biological Diversity as of July 26, 1996.
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Law of the Kyrgyz Republic On Kyrgyz Republic Accession to the Convention on Combating Desertification in Countries Experiencing Severe Draught and/or Desertification, particularly in Africa as of July 21, 1999.
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Law of the Kyrgyz Republic On Kyrgyz Republic Accession to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the UN-EEC Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution as of January 14, 2000.
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Law of the Kyrgyz Republic On Accession to the International Convention on Trade in Endangered Species as of January 14, 2000.
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Law of the Kyrgyz Republic On Ratification of Rotterdam Convention on Preliminary Agreement Procedure in regards to certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides in international trade as of January 15, 2000.
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Law of the Kyrgyz Republic On Kyrgyz Republic Accession to the UN Convention of Wetlands of International Importance as Habitats for Waterfowls (Ramsar Convention) as of April 10, 2002.
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Law of the Kyrgyz Republic On Ratification of London, Copenhagen, and Montreal Amendments to Montreal Protocol On Ozone Layer Depleting Substances as of January 15, 2003.
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Law of the Kyrgyz Republic On Ratification of the Kyoto Protocol to UN Framework Convention on Climate Change as of January 15, 2003.
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Decree of the Legislative Committee of Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic On Kyrgyz Republic Accession to the Convention On World Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection as of June 8, 1995.
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Decree of the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic On Implementation of the Basel Convention on Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Waste and its Disposal and Agreement on hazardous and Transboundary Movement and Control of Other Wastes, as of May 14, 1997.
1.9 Permitting Procedures and documents in the Kyrgyz Republic
To provide for registration and management of industrial environmental impact a complicated and multilevel permitting system is in force in the Kyrgyz Republic. An operating enterprise shall develop and obtain:
1.9.1. Permitting Procedures
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Ecological Passport of industrial enterprise contains information on all input and output, goods, raw materials and resources flows, including exit flow of hazardous chemicals and all other types of environmental impacts: radiation, noise, and electromagnetic fields.
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Marginal admissible emissions volume (MAE) sets limits for hazardous chemicals emissions into the atmosphere for each ingredient of each enterprise source. Standards set the admissible:
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Quality composition of atmospheric emissions (list of ingredients admissible to emit);
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Emissions intensity, grams/ second, for each ingredient of every source of emission;
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Annual emissions volume, tons/year, for each ingredient and every emission source;
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Emissions purification levels;
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Institutional hazardous chemicals atmospheric emission monitoring.
If hazardous chemicals atmospheric emission parameters as measured by certain indicators do not meet sanitary-hygienic standards, temporary emission levels may be agreed. Marginal admissible emission levels, which in addition to the above environmental standards provide for an action plan on reduction of hazardous chemicals emission into atmosphere shall be established for an enterprise.
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Marginal admissible discharges volume (MAD) sets limits of hazardous chemical discharges to surface waters and the landscape on each ingredient of every discharge source. The standard sets the admissible:
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Quality discharge composition (list of ingredients admissible to discharge);
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Discharges intensity, grams/liter, on each ingredient of every discharge source;
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Annual discharge volume, tons a year, for each ingredient of every discharge source;
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Discharge waters purification level;
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Institutional monitoring of hazardous chemical discharges to surface waters and/or landscape.
If parameters of hazardous chemical discharges to surface waters or landscape by certain indicators do not meet sanitary-hygienic standards, temporary agreed discharge levels instead of marginal admissible discharge levels, which in addition to the above environmental standards provide for – then an action plan on reducing hazardous chemicals discharges into surface waters and/or landscape shall be established for an enterprise.
Ecological passport, and MAE and MAD Volumes are developed in accordance with existing requirements and approved by authorized SAEPF offices. In case of any technical re-equipment of an enterprise, such as production cut or expansion, technological change, re-profiling, etc., the ecological passport, and MAE and MAD Volumes shall be re-confirmed. The enterprise’s ecological passport, MAE and MAD Volumes should be re-confirmed every 5 years if this enterprise did not undergo any technical changes.
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Permission for solid waste disposal sets the limits for solid waste disposal at every disposal site. The document limits or provides for:
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Quality composition of solid waste (list of solid waste types admissible to place to landfills);
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Volume of solid waste placed in each landfill;
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Development of solid waste disposal places;
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Institutional monitoring of solid waste disposal sites;
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Action plan for reducing environmental impact of solid waste.
The above documents determine the standard basis and regulate environmental impact of industrial enterprises. These, however, do not have permissive power, i.e. any activity resulting in hazardous chemicals emissions to atmosphere, hazardous chemicals discharge to surface waters and landscape, and/or solid waste disposal supported by these documents must be in compliance with the existing order of use of natural resources.
1.9.2. A list of documents possessing permissive power
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“Emissions permission”, which is issued by territorial environmental protection authorities for a term of one year. The permission depends on a planned enterprise’s production intensity and considers general environmental conditions at the enterprise site and sets annual hazardous chemicals emissions on each ingredient and on the enterprise as a whole. Exceeding the MAE Volume standards is not allowed. Any hazardous chemicals emissions not mentioned in the ‘emissions permission’ or in the amounts exceeding the ones set in the permission are classified as above-standard emissions.
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“Discharges permission”, which is issued by territorial environmental protection authorities for a term of one year. The permission depends on an enterprise’s planned production intensity and considering general environmental conditions at the site, sets annual hazardous chemical discharge limits on each ingredient and on the enterprise as a whole. Exceeding MAD Volume standards for any of ingredients is not permitted. Any hazardous chemical discharges not mentioned in the ‘discharges permission’ or in the amounts exceeding the ones set in the permission are classified as above-standard discharges.
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“Solid Waste Disposal Permission”. The permission is issued by territorial environmental protection authorities for a term of one year. The permission depends on the planned enterprise’s production intensity and considering the general environmental conditions in the area sets annual solid waste disposal volume on each waste type and on the enterprise as a whole. Disposal of any types of solid waste not mentioned in the ‘solid waste disposal permission’ and/or in amounts exceeding the ones set in the permission are classified as above-standard waste disposal.
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