Environmental Monitoring Authorities

2.5 Environmental Monitoring Authorities

Currently, environmental monitoring in the Kyrgyz Republic is done by various ministries and institutions.

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  Monitoring of the state of the environment;
  
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  Monitoring of both natural and anthropogenic environmental impacts.
  

Principal authorities accomplishing monitoring over the state of the environment and environmental impact are:

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  Central Directorate of Hydro-meteorology:
  

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  Status of atmospheric pollution (4-7 indicative parameters are being monitored);
  
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  Status of surface water pollution (up to 29 parameters);
  
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  Radiation parameters;
  
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  Hydrological regime of natural water flows;
  
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  Climatic characteristics.
  

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  Department of Ecology and Use of Natural Resources:
  

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  Environmental impacts – emission of pollutants to the atmosphere, discharge of pollutants to surface waters, solid industrial and domestic waste disposal;
  

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  State of forest resources;
  
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  Wild animals populations and their habitat;
  
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  State of natural environment within specially protected areas – in national parks, preserves (zapovedniks), and reserves (zakazniks).
  

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  Sanitary and Epidemiological Service:
  

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  Sanitary-hygienic and bacteriological quality of drinking water in water-intake wells and water distribution network ( from 20 to 40 parameters);
  
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  Sanitary-hygienic and bacteriological quality of food products (from 10 to 40 parameters);
  
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  Sanitary-hygienic and epidemiological condition of public accommodations;
  
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  Physical impacts (noise, vibration, electromagnetic fields) at workplaces;
  
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  Sanitary-hygienic condition of workplaces and morbidity level among workers and employees, including occupational diseases;
  
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  Children and adults morbidity.
  

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  Hydro-geological Service:
  

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  Dynamical resources and underground water quality;
  
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  Heavy metals content in soils;
  
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  Background radiation of natural rocks at small and medium scale;
  

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  Condition of hydro-technical systems;
  
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  Condition of artificial and some natural water reservoirs, mainly against pollutants originated from agricultural activities;
  
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  Condition of land resources for agricultural purposes.
  

More over, the National Statistics Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic provides for collection of statistical data from large enterprises, ministries, and institutions regarding discharges and emissions levels, waste disposal, natural resources reserves and other statistical information in accordance with established statistical report forms. Report form are generally filled out once a year (some of them – once every half of a year), and the information collected is published in the form of annual statistical bulletins.

3. Environmental Impact Assessment

NOTE: National laws and regulations do not clearly distinguish between Environmental Assessment and Environmental Impact Assessment as used by the World Bank in OP 4.01. Locally, the term “Environmental Impact Assessment” is used even for relatively simple analysis of potential environmental consequences of relatively benign activities with relatively small or trivial potential impacts. In conformance with local convention, EIA is used below even when the terms “ environmental assessment” or “environmental review” would be more accurate and appropriate.

3.1 Definitions of Environmental Impact Assessment and Ecological Expertise

Definition of “Ecological Assessment” used in international practice (approved by the World Bank) has terminological difference compared to the Kyrgyz terminology. Therefore, definitions of “Environmental Impact Assessment” and “Ecological Expertise” shall be made clear.

Environmental Impact Assessment definition. The laws (1 and 2) define EIA as a procedure of revelation, analysis, assessment, and consideration of possible environmental impact of intended and other activities and environmental changes evoked by them.
Ecological Expertise definition. The *Law (2) defines EE as determination of ecological danger of intended decisions, implementation of which would directly or indirectly impact the state of the environment and natural resources (Article 1). Article 2 of the same Law states that EE objective is to assess compliance of intended administrative, economic, investment and other activity at the stages preceding decision making in regard to their implementation with the requirements of nature protection legislation. At that, *Instruction (7) gives more particular definition to the “State Ecological Expertise being a type of expert activity of state administration bodies aimed at official ascertainment of compliance of intended and performed economic and other activity with the requirements of nature protection legislation, as well as determination of project implementation feasibility”.
However, the superficially similar definitions of EIA and EE have some differences, that require explanation.
EIA is a procedure of consideration of environmental requirements, or their detection and substantiation. This procedure is implemented during preparation of optimal decision (at the stage of intentions or designing). In contrast to it the EE is “ascertainment of compliance” with environmental requirements of already completed construction and “determination of admissibility” of taking decision about its implementation.
EIA by itself is a process of researching the environmental impact of intended activity and forecasting consequences for the environment and human health, whereas the EE is a process of test audit of documentation, regulating economic and other activity and possible additional assessment to that provided for by EIA.

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