Knowledge organisation by means of concept process mapping Knowledge organisation by means of concept-process mapping



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10.11Conceprocity for the Right Brain


As currently implemented, Conceprocity is a Lucidchart application (see https://www.lucidchart.com/). Therefore Conceprocity makes it easy to include visual elements because Lucidchart does so. Beyond Conceprocity’s own symbols, we can include images and icons. The modeller can either locate these for herself, or she can use the built-in Google Images search.

Sketches – less formal diagrams – sometimes have a role, particularly in the early development or the informal presentation of a model (especially during whiteboard sessions). This is the way in which a concept process model can include and embrace rich pictures or elements of a rich picture. Rich pictures were originally introduced by Peter Checkland (Checkland, 1981); see also (Checkland and Tsouvalis, 1997). We note that the recent widespread use of tablet computers makes it much easier to create such sketches and then to incorporate them in Conceprocity models. We note too that sketches can be created using pen and paper and then captured digitally as images: the person responsible for the sketch takes a photograph of the outcome using her smartphone or tablet.


10.12Specific PhD research process as a Conceprocity concept map


Figure shows the author’s current PhD research process:

https://www.lucidchart.com/publicsegments/view/5199b34a-fcc4-43d8-b80c-365d0a0004f5/image.png

Figure The PhD research process of the author represented as a Conceprocity concept <-> process map

This map is by no means the only possible conceptualisation of the PhD work. Furthermore, it can easily be criticised on multiple grounds. But the very fact of there being such a model helps to clarify understanding, enables dialogue and offers evaluative possibilities.

§11The role of Conceprocity in the PhD research of Mark Gregory: some criticisms and the ways in which they are addressed in the research design

11.1Why Conceprocity is important in my PhD research


Conceprocity is a semi-formal visual knowledge representation language which enables and encourages the modeller to be more precise in defining, bounding and relating conceptual and procedural knowledge.

It is in effect a means to constrain and enhance natural language expression and thereby to increase the precision of the meaning which the modeller seeks to express.

To the extent to which two modellers can agree upon a Conceprocity model, it is also a means to establish and to verify communication of ideas and concepts.

It or something like it is essential to completing my PhD!

My use of concept maps is motivated by the following felt needs:


    • Structuring my understanding of the published work of others. For examples, see (elsewhere) my concept maps concerning the work of (Weick, Sutcliffe and Obstfeld, 2005) on sensemaking and of (Polya, 1988) as introduced by (Macgilchrist and Gregory, 2015) on heuristics.

    • Planning my PhD research, which has conceptual and process elements.

The main initial Conceprocity test use case is in fact work system modelling, particularly personal work system modelling. This is because the immediate application of Conceprocity will be to help me as the research monitor, in parallel with research volunteers, to model their and my knowledge management in the action research phase of my PhD research.

11.2The challenge according to David Weir


My director of studies, Prof. David Weir has challenged me thus:

“I see this in a way as verging on the Autoethnographic:

http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/1589/3095

and thus susceptible to a special kind of critique about self-based knowledge, referentialism etc. Thus:

"Efforts at self-revelation flop not because the personal voice has been used, but because it has been poorly used, leaving unscrutinized the connection, intellectual and emotional, between the observer and the observed” (Berar) Quoted in (Spry, 2001) at http://eppl604.wmwikis.net/file/view/spry.pdf

So can Conceprocity function in such a way as to avoid critiques like those of (Delamont, 2007)1? ”


11.3My response to David Weir’s challenge


(Spry, 2001, p.710) quotes (Denzin, 1992): “autoethnography is a radical reaction to realist agendas in ethnography and sociology… which privilege the researcher over the subject, method over subject matter, and maintain commitments to outmoded conceptions of validity, truth, and generalizability” (p. 20)”. She goes on to quote Ruth Behar, working from the writings of George Devereux as she asserts:

“What happens within the observer must be made known, Devereux insisted, if the nature of what has been observed is to be understood” (Behar, 1997).

We can summarise (1) Sara Delamont’s arguments (Delamont, 2007) against auto-ethnography, which she views as pernicious and lazy and (2) the extent to which the use of Conceprocity and the overall research design might help as in Table which follows:

Table How the current research design addresses Delamont’s objections to auto-ethnography. Source: author



Objection to auto-ethnography

Response

  1. Auto-Ethnography cannot fight familiarity – it is hard to fight familiarity in our own society anyway even when we have data.

We prefer the use of the phrase “structured self-observation” (Rodriguez and Ryave, 2002) to auto-ethnography. We do this to emphasise the fact that we are not here talking about self-revelatory writing as associated with the work particularly of Carolyn Ellis or illustrated by that of Ruth Behar. In addition, the results of this structured self-observation are in no way regarded as true in an ontological sense. Instead, they are intended as a particular exemplar. Any very tentative findings or suggestions of ways forward find their way into the working documents (nuggets) associated with this research. Those working documents are intended to be refined in action research in which the experience of a number of research volunteers are individually expressed and then, perhaps, to a certain degree synthesised. Conceprocity gives shape and a degree of objectivity to these individual and collective expressions.

  1. Auto - Ethnography is almost impossible to write and publish ethically.

  1. Research is supposed to be analytic not merely experiential. Autoethnography is all experience, and is noticeably lacking in analytic outcome.

The construction of a Conceprocity model is a significant mental exercise which is inherently and intensely analytical. Although this does not in and of itself prevent an experiential and self-centred approach, it makes it less likely. Subsequently the model can be refined in discussion between an individual and a peer or mentor, and the outcome is at the very least a surfaced and carefully-expressed model.

  1. It focuses on the wrong side of the power divide.

Concerning autoethnography or structured self-observation in personal information management, I genuinely doubt that any power-divide issues arise, particularly as there is often only one actor involved in a modelling exercise.
In connection with action research, there is indeed a very serious danger associated with the unbalanced power relationship between research volunteer and research mentor and the prejudices of the latter. However, the research design emphasises and seeks to promote the establishment of a forum-based community of practice in which the voice of the research mentor will be but one of many.

  1. It abrogates our duty to go out and collect data: we are not paid generous salaries to sit in our offices obsessing about ourselves. Sociology is an empirical discipline and we are supposed to study the social.

In this research design, structured self-observation is but one of a number of complementary data-collection techniques. The others are textual analysis of the existing corpus of literature concerning personal information management systems, and explicitly-authorised analysis of the writings of research volunteers. We make absolutely no pretence to statistical validity. Instead we are particularly concerned in this research to look at certain outliers - see (Boisot and McKelvey, 2010). These outliers are experts in personal information management systems who may even have a vanguard role to play in the establishment of this small field of academic enquiry.

  1. Finally and most importantly ‘we’ are not interesting enough to write about in journals, to teach about, to expect attention from others. We are not interesting enough to be the subject matter.

Certainly. There is no danger that anyone’s individual experience will find its way into published work.


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