Lexicological aspects of translation. Methods and ways of translating various proper names
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- Indian chief’s names and family names of American Indians
- III. Companies, corporations, firms. Traditionally most names of companies (corporations, firms etc.) are transcribed
| Nicknames of people (especially of kings, queens, princes, princesses, tsars and tsarinas) are almost always translated irrespective of the language they come from.
E.g.: King Charles the Great – король Карл Великий; King Edward the Confessor – король Едуард Сповідник; King Richard the Lionheart – король Річард Левине серце; Prince William of Orange – принц Вільгельм Оранський; Князь Ярослав Мудрий – Prince Yaroslav the Wise; Цар Василь Темний – Tsar Basil the Blind; Цар Іван Грозний – Tsar Ivan the Terrible. Indian chief’s names and family names of American Indians which became known mainly from J.F.Cooper’s novels are translated, as a rule, too: (the) Arrowhead – Гостряк Стріли; Dew of June – Червнева Роса; Chingachgook the Big Serpent – Чінґачґук Великий Змій; The Deerslayer (the Pathfinder) – Звіробій (Знайдислід, “Слідопит”) Hawk’s Eye – Соколине Око. But: Князь Осмомисл – Prince Osmomysl; Олександр Невський – Alexander Nevsky. The so-called generalizing or characterizing names used by many authors in their belles-lettres works to point out some determinant (usually negative) feature of their characters are mostly not translated but only transliterated or transcribed. Such are the characters, for example, from Ch.Dickens’ works: Mrs. Porkenham (cf. pork and ham – ласа/ любителька добре поїсти, гурманка пані Поркенгем); Doctor Slammer – (cf. to slam the door – грюкати дверима – Лікар Слеммер). It is not always possible to give the verbal translation of such names in the TL as it may turn the characters into the foreigners (making the names sound too English or too Ukrainian or Russian). For example, by translating the names of Chekhov’s characters Чубуков and Ломов as correspondently Piper and Gouter (from ‘gout’ – підагра) we would turn them into Englishmen. However, these names may say a lot about their bearers. For example, in Ostrovsky’s comedy ‘Волки и овцы’ the surname Беркутов is rather symbolic but the translator has to render it as Berkutov, limiting himself to the footnote explaining the meaning of this talking name. Another example: the characters from R.Sheridan’s “A School of Scandal” are given the names Lady Sneerwell, Mr. Snake and are usually transliterated in translation. One translator though tried to render Mr. Snake as Мистер Гад. It is very witty because it sounds English resembling the sounding of an English word but inadmissible. Some nicknames of this kind may naturally be translated or even replaced by similar but more expressive analogues, especially when used in humorous stories. For example: nicknames of the guardsmen from W.Shakespeare’s comedy “Much ado about nothing” – Dogberry and Verges – were translated into Russian very expressively as Клюква and Кисель (dogberry – is a variety of cornel (кизил); verges = verjuice – sour juice of unripe fruit). The verbal translation of the names as Кизил and Кисляй is much less expressive than Клюква and Кисель. III. Companies, corporations, firms. Traditionally most names of companies (corporations, firms etc.) are transcribed or transliterated and shortly explicated at the same time. This method is also employed when rendering the names of publishing houses, titles of most newspapers and magazines or journals, and of some public bodies. The translation may be performed either with the employment of a shorter (when the name of the company (corporation, firm) is well-known or when translating at language level) or more extended explication (when translating at speech/ text level): Associated Biscuit Manufacturers – англійська компанія по випуску хрустких коржиків “Ессошіейтід біскіт менюфекчерерз”; Download 57.51 Kb. Share with your friends:
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