Names of seas, oceans, bays, archipelagos, isthmuses (перешийок), straits, channels, administrative territories and compound names of countries having the structure of word-combinationsare always translated:
The Atlantic/ Pacific/ Indian Ocean – Атлантичний/ Тихий/ Індійський Океан;
TheGulfofMexico/ Salonica – Мексиканська/ Салонікська затока;
Закарпаття – Transcarpathia/ Transcarpathian Region of Ukraine;
Краснодарський/ Ставропольський край – Krasnodar/ Stavropol Territory.
The geographical names formed on the basis of common nouns which acquired the status of proper names are generally translated from English into Ukrainian and vice versa:
Cape of Good Hope – мис Доброї Надії;
GoldenGate – Золоті Ворота;
GreatSlaveLake – Велике Невільниче озеро.
Geographical names having single word and word-combination structuresrequire some identifying element in the target language (an apposition noun, an adjective, etc.). These elements explain the nature and the real meaning of the geographical name in the TL:
Idaho Falls – місто Айдаго-Фолз;
TheAzores/ theSeychelles – Азорські/ Сейшельські о-ви;
Connecticut – штат Коннектік(а)ут;
Буг/ Десна/ Рось – the Buh/ the Desna/ the Ros’ (rivers in Ukraine)
Полтавщина/ Львівщина – Poltava/ L’viv region (oblast).
!!! Foreign geographical names as well as many proper names of people are often reproduced in English not in the spelling form of the SL but in the traditionally established spelling form of the TL:
Варшава (Pol.: Warszawa) – Warsaw Кельн (Germ: Köln) – Cologne.
Венеція (Ital.:Venezia) – Venice; Мюнхен (Germ: München) – Munich;
Гаага (Dutch: den Haag) – the Hague; Неаполь (It: Napoli) – Naples.
Ukrainian geographical names should be translated into English as close to their source language form as possible unless other of their forms are historically or traditionally established: Моринці – Moryntsi; Запоріжжя – Zaporizhia/ Zaporizhya; Київ – Kyiv; Одеса – Odesa.
?? Some geographical names have in English their historically established forms/ variants too: Ладозьке озеро – Ladoga; Кольський півострів – Kola Peninsula; Мала Азія – Asia Minor.
