Практикум для студентов по специальности 09. 02. 03 Программирование в компьютерных системах углубленная подготовка
Задание 1. Раскройте скобки, поставьте глагол в форму Perfect
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Задание 1. Раскройте скобки, поставьте глагол в форму Perfect. Our son (learn) how to read. Doctors (cure) many deadly diseases. Scientists (split) the atom. You (grow) since the last time I saw you. English (become) one of the most popular courses at the university. My English really (improve) since I took private lessons. I think I (see) that movie before. He never (travel) by train. Joan (learn) two foreign languages. 10. …you (meet) him? — No, I never (meet) him. 11. …you (see) that movie? — I (see) that movie twenty times. 12. I think I (meet) him once before. 13. …people (travel) to the moon? 14. … you (be) to France? — I (be) to France three times. Задание 2. Вставьте to write в нужной форме. We ... letters to our parents when he came. What... you ... yesterday? Yesterday they… tests from 10 till 12 o’clock. Who …this letter? I …some letters last week. What... you ... tomorrow at 10? When I came to her, she …a letter. ... he ... his home task yesterday? 9. What... she ... in the evening yesterday? Задание 3. Раскройте скобки, поставив глагол в нужную форму Perfect. 1. John (write) his name. 2. I (draw) a picture. 3. Tom (blow out) the light. 4. The cat (drink) its milk. 5. The tree (fall) across the road. 6. John (give) his bicycle to his brother. 7. You (make) a mistake. 8. We (eat) our dinner. 9. The train just (go). 10. I just (tell) the answer. 11. George never (be) in Australia. 12. John and Sam just (go away). 13. The baker (sell) all his cakes. 14. I (read) this book. Задание 4. Переведите предложения. Задайте общий тип вопроса. Ответьте на вопрос «да, нет»: 1. Sam has washed the dog. 2. Father has already cleaned his car. 3. Mr. Brown has made a speech at the conference. 4. Granny has bought me some cakes. 5. They have painted their old house. 6. Liz has bought some flowers. 7. My sister has just cooked breakfast for the family. 8. The cat has already eaten fish. 9. Mrs. Gracie has gone to London. 10. I have never been to London. 11. She has just broken a vase. 12. We have cleaned the room. 13. Sam has phoned his friend. 14. The train has just arrived. 15. It has just started to train. 16. Kelly has gone to America. 17. We have left our books to school. 18. The street has changed a lot. 19. You have worked here for a long time. 20. Mary has been to Greece. 3. Прочитайте и переведите письменно текст «From the History of the Book». The man who invented the art of printing in Russia was Ivan Fyodorov. He and Pyotr Mstislavets in 1564 printed the first dated Cyrillic book, “Apostle”. Book printing was supported by Ivan the Terrible and the Orthodox Church. The reason given for the support was that book printing would avoid the endless mistakes made by ignorant scribes in copying manuscripts. Ivan Fyodorov was a prominent man of the world. Book printing in those years required artistic taste, knowledge of contemporary technology, and the talent of invention. The first printed books were true masterpieces of design. Fyodorov also wrote a novel about the beginnings of book printing and his own life. He printed a total of 12 books. His books are preserved in museums in many countries of the world including Britain, Bulgaria, Poland and Yugoslavia. William Caxton is the first English printer. He was born in Kent in 1422. His father was a farmer. William didn’t want to become a farmer like his father. So his father sent him to London. He worked in an office which traded with different countries. William liked to read new books which were printed in Europe. When William was thirty, he began to translate French books into English. He became interested in printing and at last in 1476 he brought his printing press to London. Printing was something new at that time and most people thought that it was the work of the devil. Some of the people wanted to break his press. Caxton printed his first book in 1477. It was the first book printed in the English language. The book was Caxton’s translation of the French “Tales of Troy”. William Caxton printed about eighty books. He translated thirty one books from French. Caxton died in 1491.
Visiting a Library Our numerous libraries play an important part in the cultural development of our country. People have a natural desire to learn, they seek knowledge. Books satisfy this desire. Librarians help readers to choose books. They help to cultivate the tastes and reading habits of the readers. Books should not be read merely for pleasure. Reading books play an important role in our education. The library is a great help to those who want to educate themselves. You can find all kinds of books in the library. You will like books of adventures that stir the imagination; you will get there historical novels and tales that open up panoramas of the life and history of other countries and of other times; you’ll find novels and short stories that are entertaining, humorous and interesting. In the library you will read books on travelling, thrilling stories and, of course, the immortal classics. In some libraries there are books in many languages. Many libraries have book exchanges with various institutions of foreign countries. In the reference rooms and reading rooms of our libraries, all kinds of reference books and periodicals are easily accessible to the readers. They may use dictionaries, encyclopedias and other reference material on the open shelves. Readers may always get adequate assistance and guidance from the librarians in attendance. The catalogues and card-indexes can be used by readers without any help of a librarian. The library catalogue contains the names of authors and the titles of their books, arranged alphabetically. The card-index may contain lists of references for all sorts of topics and themes, critical articles, book reviews, etc. The reading rooms are spacious, tastefully furnished, well- lighted and well-ventilated. At all times of the day one will find the reading rooms filled with young and old, all absorbed in study, in note-making or in reading. Everything is done to attract people, to help them to develop sound study habits and a lasting love for reading. It is well known that through reading people widen the knowledge, broaden their outlook upon life. Famous Libraries of the World Libraries are very important in our life. There are libraries famous all over the world. In Washington there is the Library of Congress. According to the law, a copy of every book, magazine or newspaper, issued in America, should be kept there. Who hasn’t heard about the famous Library of the British Museum in London? It is the biggest and the most famous library in Great Britain. The Library has more than six million books that occupy more than 80 miles of shelves. The Russian State Library in Moscow is one of the biggest and most famous libraries of Russia. It was founded in 1862 on the basis of 100,000 volumes from a number of private collections. Now it has grown to the world’s greatest scientific and cultural centre with a book stock of over 20 million volumes. There are 20 reading rooms in the library, which in all have places for more than two thousand readers. Each reading room has an auxiliary library attached, consisting of the books most in demand, to save time bringing them from the main stocks in the eighteen-storey building. The Russian State Library is tied up with 135 libraries in 25 countries. It also exchanges books with numerous institutions and museums in more than 70 countries. The library is not lending but a reference library, though exceptions are made for writers, scientists, etc. In the library you can visit many exhibitions on various subjects like “Fine Art History”, “Geography”, “Fairy Tales” and so on. The Library has got everything you need for your work. As long as people read, they will always visit libraries. 5. Прочитайте и переведите письменно текст «My Favourite Writer» со словарем, ответьте на вопросы после текста. I’m fond of reading. Usually I borrow books from the library, but I have a lot of them at home, too. I like to read books about the history of our country, about famous people and the life of my contemporaries abroad. Literature means much in my life. It helps to form the character and the world outlook, to understand life better. I’ve done regular reading since I was seven. At first there were small books for children, amusing stories for light reading, and pieces of fantasy. Then came adventure and detective stories to be followed by fiction. These were different kinds of books: for pleasure and entertainment, for general knowledge and education. Some of them remained with me forever as a source of spiritual and emotional power. They are like an exercise for my soul and mind. In these books I find the answers to different problems I face in my life. They are the dearest teachers and advisers. The more I read the more I understand our classics: A.S. Pushkin, M.Y. Lermontov, F.I. Dostoevsky. They are all my favourites. But there is one more name in Russian literature that is very dear to me. That is Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev (1818-1883). For me he is a real intellectual and aristocrat, a man of culture, devoted to literature, music and painting. Though he lived abroad for a long time he didn’t stop to be a Russian writer for a moment. He created a number of national characters in his books. The image of Turgenev’s woman, deeply feeling, faithful and tender is an ideal of a Russian woman for me. It doesn’t lose its charm even today. Turgenev’s prose is very poetic. His style is perfect, his dialogues are easy-read, interesting, life-like, yet always significant. One may think that Turgenev is too balanced, too poetic for the new age, but one must admit that these are the qualities we badly lack today. Of the present day writers and poets I like Eugene Evtushenko, Valentin Rasputin, Valentin Pikul, Boris Vasilyev, Tatyana Tolstaya, Andrei Dementyev. Their works are very humane and realistic. They assert high moral principles into life. And this is very important nowadays. My favourite foreign writer is O’Henry. In childhood I was deeply impressed by his story The Last Leaf. Since then I bear in my heart the image of a young girl suffering from an incurable illness and her friends doing everything they can to give her hope and bring back to life. The author penetrates deeply into a person’s soul and reveals its best qualities. He obviously sympathizes with common people, describes their feelings to other people, their warm-heartedness and kindness. Do you enjoy reading books? What books do you like to read? Do you visually borrow books from the library? Have you a big library at home? Are you fond of reading books by Russian or by foreign authors? Who is your favourite Russian writer? Which books by this writer have you read? Why do you like this author? Which of his characters do you like best of all? Is your favourite writer world famous? Were his books translated into any foreign languages? Is he popular in our country? Вопросы самоконтроля Расскажите формы образования завершенных времен. Расскажите о своем любимом писателе. Форма контроля Устное собеседование. Проверка письменных переводов текстов. Тест № 4 (см. приложение). Практическая работа №8 Инфинитив. Модальные глаголы (can, may, must). Диалог с компьютером. Студент должен знать: - инфинитив, модальные глаголы и их заменители; - активную лексику по теме.
- употреблять в устной и письменной речи инфинитив, модальные глаголы; - переводить текст со словарём. Алгоритм работы 1. Изучите и законспектируйте информацию об инфинитиве. Сделайте конспект. Инфинитив — неопределенная форма глагола, формальным признаком которой является частица to. Чаще всего инфинитив употребляется после того или иного глагола в личной форме, либо после модального глагола (без частицы to). Например: I like to play tennis. Я люблю играть в теннис. I can play tennis well. Я могу хорошо играть в теннис. В английском языке инфинитив имеет следующие формы временной отнесенности и залога:
The Indefinite Infinitive (простой инфинитив) выражает действие, происходящее одновременно с действием глагола-сказуемого или непосредственно следующее за ним. Например: Не wants to ask you а question. Он хочет задать вам вопрос. Не wants to be asked а question. Он хочет, чтобы ему задали вопрос. The Continuous Infinitive подчеркивает длительность действия, происходящего одновременно с действием глагола-сказуемого. Например: The child seems to be sleeping now. Ребенок, кажется, спит сейчас. The Perfect Infinitive выражает действие, которое произошло раньше действия, выраженного глаголом- сказуемым. Например: She seems to have asked Кажется, она уже спрашивала его об этом. him about it. She seems to have been Кажется, ее уже спрашивали об этом. asked about it. В предложении инфинитив может выполнять следующие функции: подлежащего, части сказуемого, прямого дополнения, обстоятельства цели и определения. Например: То read much is to know much Много читать — много знать. (подлежащее; часть сказуемого) I want to buy a new TV set. Я хочу купить новый телевизор. (дополнение) Не was the first man to Он был первым человеком, tell me about it. (определение) кто рассказал мне об этом. То be a teacher you must Чтобы стать учителем, надо graduate from the Peda- закончить педагогический институт gogical Institute. (обстоятельство цели) 2. Выполните упражнения: Задание 1. Определите форму и функцию инфинитива в следующих предложениях. Переведите их на русский язык: Не can’t help you. 2. My son likes to read books. 3. I wanted to answer the letter but then I forgot. 4. The captain was the last man to leave the ship. 5. To save the child he rushed into the burning house. 6. We saw the guests enter the house. 7. We heard somebody open the window, and saw a man walk quickly upstairs. 8. He is considered to be a clever man. 9. He was seen to enter the library at 9 o’clock. 10. He seems to have been writing a test for an hour already. 11. She appeared to know several foreign languages. 12. It is likely to rain. 13. It is necessary for you to know the truth. 14. He spoke too loud for us to hear. 15. Here is a book for you to read. Задание 2. Преобразуйте предложения, употребив инфинитив в функции: а) определения; б) обстоятельства цели: а) Образец: Не was the first man who arrived. He was the first man to arrive. 1. He was the first who broke the silence. 2. There are a lot of things that need repairing. 3. Would you be so kind and lend me your umbrella? 4. He wished he had a younger brother with whom he could play. 5. There was no place where he could sit. 6. I can’t go to the party, I have nothing that I can wear. 7. It is convenient that you have a balcony in your flat. б) Образец: They sent me to Paris. They wanted me to learn French. They sent me to Paris to learn French. She went to London. She wanted to find a job there. 2. I’m buying paint. I want to paint my door. 3. They got up very early. They wanted to get to the top of the hill before sunrise. 4. He rang the bell. He wanted to tell us that dinner was ready. 5. I took off my shoes. I didn’t want to make any noise. 6. I’m learning Greek. I wish to read Homer. 7. I’m saving money. I want to buy a car. Задание 3. Объедините следующие предложения, употребив нужную форму инфинитива. Образец: We must speak in a low voice. We don’t want to wake him up. We must speak in a low voice not to wake him up. It’s very cold. We can’t bathe. 2. The boy is very young. He can’t have a front-door key. 3. It was very dark. We couldn’t see the car. 4. I sent him out of the room. I wanted to discuss his progress with the headmaster. 5. He sent his children to his sister’s house. He wanted to have some peace. 6. Don’t let the baby play with my glasses. He may break them. 7. We must take our gloves. We don’t want to get frozen. 2. Прочитайте информацию о модальных глаголах и их заменителях, сделайте конспект. К основным модальным относятся глаголы: Модальный глагол can. can — мочь, быть в состоянии, could — прошедшее время предполагает наличие физической, умственной и прочих возможностей, позволяющих сделать что-либо: I can swim. — Я могу (я умею) плавать. I could translate this text. - (Я мог, был в состоянии) перевести этот текст. В будущем времени у глагола can есть заменитель — конструкция - to be able to (быть в состоянии что-либо сделать): I shall be able to help you when I am free. — Я смогу помочь тебе, когда освобожусь.
В будущем времени у модального глагола may есть заменитель — - to be allowed to (получить разрешение сделать что-либо).
Заменители глагола must: - to have to означает долженствование, вызванное обстоятельствами, вынужденную необходимость; - to be to — долженствование, связанное с расписанием, планом или заранее сделанной договоренностью. She had to stay at home. — Она вынуждена была (ей пришлось) остаться дома. The train was to arrive at 8 in the evening. — Поезд должен был прибыть в 8 вечера. (по расписанию). - ought to, should (в значении совета, рекомендации, упрека) - shall (испрашивается разрешение на совершение действия). You should enter the Institute. Вам следует поступить в институт (рекомендация, совет), Глагол should выражает сожаление о невыполненном действии и переводится «следовало бы». You should have helped them. Вам следовало бы помочь им. (Но вы не сделали этого). Shall I read? Мне следует читать? 4. Модальный глагол would Модальный глагол would может иметь следующие значения: 1) Вежливая просьба. Would you help me? He поможете ли вы мне? 2) Повторяемость действия в прошлом. Не would often help me. Он, бывало, часто помогал мне. 3) Стойкое нежелание совершать какие-либо действия. Не wouldn't listen to me. Он никак не хотел слушать меня. 5. Модальный глагол need need - «нужно, надо» употребляется, в основном, в отрицательных предложениях. You needn't do it now. Вам не нужно делать это сейчас. 3. Выполните упражнения. Задание 1. Переведите предложения на русский язык. We have to stay at home. 2. He was allowed to take this book. 3. Who is able to do this work? 4. He had to leave for Moscow earlier. 5. We are to take exams in June. 6. Am I allowed to visit you? 7. They were able to do this work in time. 8. I shall be able to pass my examinations. 9. She will be allowed to watch TV. 10 I have to come in time. 11. The train is to come soon. 12. Are you able to drive a car? Задание 2. Заполните пропуски соответствующими модальными глаголами (must, should, would, ought to, needn’t, can, could, may, might) They... not do this work themselves 2. You... take my dictionary. 3. You don’t look well, you... consult the doctor. 4, Why... I give you my money? 5. She... not speak any foreign language. 6. He ... to help them, they need his help. 7. ... you tell me the time? 8. ... I go with you? 9. Your daughter ... has told about it. 10. In winter we... often skate. 11. You... not miss your classes. 12. ... you play the piano before? 4. Запишите слова в транскрипции, отчитайте и запомните каждое слово. 
5. Прочитайте, переведите текст «What is a Computer?». Выполните упражнения после текста. Computer is one of the inventions of the 20th century that changed the world greatly. The first computers of the 1940s were enormous. But now they are almost in every family and in every office building. Most machines do only one job, some are multifunctional (e.g. a TV set + DVD player). But no device is as multifunctional as computer. The parts of the machine (or its hardware) remain the same, you change only the program (software) and your computer immediately learns to do various things. A browser program is designed to look at pages on the Internet (you can also say to browse, this accounts for the word browser). A word processor program lets you to print text and then change styles of fonts and sizes of pages. A database program is used for searching and sorting records. Such program is used in shops, libraries, hospitals, accountant offices, and so on. They make work with great amounts of data much quicker. Computers are found everywhere and used in every sphere of life. In a plant one can make a computer model of a car or plane and check its resistance to stress. Such calculations without a computer could have taken several months. Computer is used at school: children watch films, presentations and web pages. This helps them to study effectively. Computers also have some disadvantages. There is a famous joke that computers are designed to solve problems but half of the time they are the problem. As computer is a complicated device, one small breakage may stop its work. Moreover, the equipment is soon out of date. Besides, there is a problem of compatibility. First of all, there are hardware devices which can’t work with the old operating systems, such as a processor, a hard disk drive, a video card, etc. Then, there are programs which need more resources than computer actually has. Thirdly, computers become more and more complicated, and much effort is required to learn how to work with them. Fourthly, computer viruses cause a lot of trouble — they can spoil, remove or steal computer data, and every user knows it well from his experience. And on top of all, computer is a multifunctional device, as we already know, so it can be used both to do work and to entertain oneself. Children often fall prey to computer and Internet: they play computer games, spend their free time chatting with friends on the Internet and doing practically nothing. This aspect can’t be denied. To crown it all, computer is a good device like many others, designed to help people. But it’s our own free will that lets us use it in order not to waste time but to get best results.
When was computer invented? Were there many computers in the middle of the 20th century? Why do you think so? Find the possible explanation in the text. Is computer a multifunctional device? What types of programs for computer can you name? 6. In what spheres of life can computers be used? 7. Computers have many disadvantages, don’t they? 8. What are the main disadvantages? 9. What are the relations between children and computer? Is there any danger? Задание 3. Заполните пропуски: The first computers of the 1940s were ... A browser program is designed to ... A wood processor lets you ... A database program is used in shops ... Computers are used everywhere: in a plant one can make ... Computer is also used at school: children watch ... There is a joke that computers are designed to solve problems but... There is a problem of compatibility ... Computers become more and more complicated, and much effort ... Computer viruses cause a lot of... Children often fall prey to computer ... It’s our own free will that lets us use the computer in order ... Directory: upload -> 2015 upload -> Traditional British values upload -> Tv shows, Made for tv movies, Mini Series & Internet Programs Shot at Paramount Ranch upload -> Ownership Models There are two different types of ownership models upload -> Police Militarization upload -> City of rising star regular meting thursday, july 14, 2016 upload -> Township of winfield 2015 -> Кафедра английского языка №2 Дубовская О. В., Кулемекова М. В 2015 -> Android Endoscope illustration 2015 -> - 2015 -> Зимний семестр образец зачетной лексико-грамматической контрольной работы (зимний семестр) revision paper Download 3.16 Mb. Share with your friends:
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