Практикум для студентов по специальности 09. 02. 03 Программирование в компьютерных системах углубленная подготовка
Download 3.16 Mb.
|
- Navigate this page:
- Будучи
- Задание 1. Образуйте Participle I данных
- Задание 2. Поставьте глаголы to wash, to buy в следующие формы времени и залога Participle I.
- Задание 3. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастия настоящего времени.
- Задание 4. Раскройте скобки, употребив причастие настоящего времени в активной и пассивной форме.
- Задание 1. Прочитайте текст ещё раз и составьте выражения, используя слова слева и справа.
- Практическая работа №14 Многофункциональность глаголов to be и to have . Что такое MS - DOS
- Default Directory You must tell the computer which directory it is to use as its current working directory
- Практическая работа №15 Причастие прошедшего времени. Языки программирования .
- Participle
- Though expected
| Participle I (Present Participle Passive)соответствует русскому страдательному причастию на –мый, -щийся (в функции определения) и «будучи построенным» (в функции обстоятельства).
Being built the new school looked Будучи построенной (когда её построили), very beautiful новая школа выглядела красиво 2. Выполните упражнения. Задание 1. Образуйте Participle I данных глаголов в Simple Active: sing, read, run, help, write, look, stay, eat, take, pick, go, brush, sit, swim, do, clean, play, jump, buy, set, make, begin, sleep, talk, speak, hit, meet, fly, spend, shave, drop, lie, live, die, type, wish, rain, cut, listen, trick. Задание 2. Поставьте глаголы to wash, to buy в следующие формы времени и залога Participle I.
Задание 3. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастия настоящего времени. 1. The girl standing at the window is my sister. 2. Having been sent to the wrong address the letter didn’t rich him. 3. He sat in the arm-chair thinking. 4. She came up to us breathing heavily. 5. The hall was full of laughing people. 6. The singing girl was about fourteen. 7. Having read the book I gave it to Pete. 8. The large building being built in our street is a new school – house. 9. Having finished the experiment the students left the laboratory. 10. Being busy, he postponed his trip. 11. Having been written long ago, the manuscript was impossible to read. 12. Having been built of concrete, the house was always cold in winter. Задание 4. Раскройте скобки, употребив причастие настоящего времени в активной и пассивной форме. 1. (To impress) by the film, they kept silent. 2. (To lose) the book, the student couldn’t remember the topic. 3. He spent the whole day (to read) a book. 4. (To travel) around America for a month, she returned to England. 5. He watched Mike (to go) out of the door and (to cross) the street. 6. The question (to discuss) now is very important. 7. (To pack) in the beautiful box the flowers looked very lovely. 8. (To descent) the mountains, they heard a man calling for help. 9. (To reject) by everybody he became a monk. 10. (To show) the wrong direction, the travelers soon lost their way. 3. Прочитайте и переведите текст «Magnetic Drives»и найдите следующую информацию: the size of a floppy disk the storage capacity of a high density diskette the name of a hard drive on a PC platform the storage capacity of a SyQuest cartridge the system that can hold 10 GB tapes a type of drive used by digital cameras and music players. 
Magnetic drives There are different types of magnetic drives. 3.5-inch diskette. A high-density (HD) floppy disk can store 1.44 MB of information. Hard disk. Most PCs have one hard drive, called drive C. It’s used to keep software and files organized in a convenient way. A hard disk can hold several gigabytes of data. Removable hard drive (съемный жесткий диск). Popular drives are the Zip and Jaz systems from Iomega. A SyQuest cartridge can hold 1.5 GB. Tape drive. (Ленточный накопитель). A tape drive stores data on tape cartridge. It’s used for backup purposes. A Digital Audio Tape drive can hold up to 10 GB of data. Pocket-sized drive (карманный накопитель). Ultra portable drives are used with mobile computers. They hold 40 MB disks. The Peerless system can hold 20 GB disks, which allows you to store thousands of MP3s and video games. Micro drive. A Micro drive is the smallest hard drive for digital cameras, laptops, and audio players. It comes in 340 MB and 1 GB capacities. It uses a PC Card adapter. 4. Прочитайте, переведите текст «Technical Details», выполните упражнение после текста. Floppy disks (дискеты) are so called because they consist of flexible plastic material which has a magnetizable surface. The surface of a disk is divided into concentric circles or 'tracks', which are then divided into 'sectors'. When you insert a blank disk into a disk drive, it must be 'initialized', or formatted, before information can be recorded onto it! This means that magnetic areas are created for each track and sector, along with a catalogue or 'directory' which will record the specific location of files. When you save a file, the operating system moves the read/write heads of the disk drive towards empty sectors, records the data and writes an entry for the directory. Later on, when you open that file, the OS looks for its entry in the directory, moves the read/write heads to the correct sectors and reads the file into the RAM area. Hard disks work in the same way as floppies. But they have important advantages: they can hold much more data and spin at higher speed, so you can store and retrieve information much faster than with floppies. The speed at which a hard drive finds data is called 'access time' - or seek time. The average access measured in milliseconds (ms). Most drives have an access time of 8 to 14 ms. You have to distinguish between access time (e.g. 9 ms) and 'data transfer rate' (the average speed required to transmit data from a disk system to the RAM, e.g. at 10 megabits per second). Remember that the transfer rate depends also on the power of your PC. If you only use word-processing programs, you will need less storage capacity than if you use CAD, sound and animation programs. If you need an extra hard drive, you should consider the type of mechanism. There are 'internal' and 'external' drives which are both rigid disks sealed into the drive unit, either within or attached to the computer. Another type of hard drive, known as 'removable', allows you to record data on 'cartridges', which can be removed and stored off-line for security purposes. Some systems allow you to back up your entire PC on one disk. Laptops use pocket-sized drives. Digital cameras and music players use micro drives with special cards. Задание 1. Прочитайте текст ещё раз и составьте выражения, используя слова слева и справа. backing store a) a catalogue of where each piece of data is stored and how to find it floppies b) recording heads disk drive c) secondary memory formatting d) diskettes directory e) initializing; setting tracks and sectors on magnetic disks read/write heads f) a device which spins disks and contains a read/write head 5. Прочитайте, переведите текст «Floppy Disk, Zip Drive, External Hard Disk» и заполните таблицу после текста. Floppy disk Following magnetic tape, the floppy disk was the first popular method of file transport; but floppies have been almost completely phased out due to their low capacity, low speed, and low durability. Virtually no new computers include floppy drives, but they do include USB ports. However, floppy disks are still being used because of their low cost, are often the easiest or only way to share files with older systems, are easily bootable, and because floppy drives can be added to new systems in external or internal forms.
Attempts to extend the floppy standard (such as the Imation Super Disk) were not successful because of a reputation for unreliability and the lack of a single standard for PC vendors to adopt. The Iomega Zip drive enjoyed some popularity, but never reached the point of ubiquity in computers. Also, the larger sizes of Zip - now up to 750 MB - cannot be read on older drives. Unless one was to carry an external drive, their usefulness as a means of moving data was rather limited. The cost per megabyte was fairly high, with individual disks often costing US$10 or more. Because moving parts are involved and the material used for creating the storage medium in Zip disks is similar to that used in floppy disks, Zip disks have a high risk of failure and data loss compared to flash drives. Larger removable storage media, like Iomega’s Jaz drive, had even higher costs for both drives and media, and as such were not pervasively adopted as a floppy alternative.
Particularly with the advent of USB, external hard disks have become common and relatively inexpensive. External hard disk drives cost less than flash memories of the comparable capacity, and are available in the much larger capacities. However, hard drives are far more fragile than flash drives: they are less resistant to shock, have limitations on use at high altitude, and (like all magnetic media) are vulnerable when exposed to electromagnetic fields. Hard drives are usually larger and heavier than flash drives, although not necessarily when compared per unit storage. Hard disks also suffer from file fragmentation (some file systems are resistant to fragmentation, but no file system is completely immune), which can significantly reduce performance.
6. Прочитайте, переведите текст «Optical Disks and Drives» и заполните таблицу после текста. Optical disks can store information at much higher densities than magnetic disks. Thus, they are ideal for multimedia applications where images, animation and sound occupy a lot of disk space. Besides, they are not affected by magnetic fields. This means that they are secure and stable, e.g. they can be transported through airport metal detectors without damaging the data. However, optical drives are slower than hard drives. While there are hard drives with an average access time of 8 ms, most CD-ROM drives have an access time of 150 to 200 ms. There are various types of optical drives: CD-ROM systems offer everything, from shareware programs to dictionaries and encyclopedias, from multimedia databases to 3D games. A lot of institutions have discovered that CD-ROM is the most economical way of sharing information. In fact, one CD-ROM disk (650 MB) can replace 300,000 pages of text (about 500 floppies), which represents a lot of savings in distributing materials and corporate databases. In addition, CD-ROM drives can play music CDs while you work. Yet CD-ROM technology has one disadvantage: you cannot write anything onto a CD-ROM disk. You can only 'read' it, like a book. CD-Recorders come in two different forms: CD-R and CD-RW. CD-R machines record on CD-R (write-once) disks, allowing you to create and duplicate CDs. They are used to back up hard disks or to distribute and archive information. In fact, these systems are the modem version of old WORM (write once, read many) disks. CD-RW (rewritable) disks can be erased and re-used, just as you would do with a hard disk. The future of optical storage is called DVD (digital versatile disk). A DVD-ROM can hold 17 GB, about 25 times an ordinary CD-ROM. For this reason, it can store a large amount of multimedia software and complete Hollywood movies in different languages. They can also play music CDs and CD-ROMs. However, DVD-ROMs are 'read-only' devices. To avoid this limitation, companies also produce DVD-R and DVD rewritable disks.
7. Составьте инструкцию к картинкам. Protect your floppies against high temperatures. Check for viruses before opening files you receive from the Web or via e-mail. Keep back-ups (spare copies) of your data. Magnetic fields can damage the information stored on disks. Don’t leave them near the telephone. Keep disks away from water and humidity. 
When handling CDs or DVDs, hold the disks around the edge. Вопросы самоконтроля Назовите типы драйверов по-английски. Форма контроля Устное собеседование. Практическая работа №14 Многофункциональность глаголов to be и to have. Что такое MS- DOS? В результате изучения темы Студент должен знать: - глаголы to be и to have; - активную лексику по теме. уметь: - употреблять глаголы to be и to have в разных значениях; - переводить текст профессиональной направленности.
Глагол to be.
Глагол to have
Глагол to do
2. Запишите формы образования глаголов to be и to have в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем времени. 3. Прочитайте и переведите текст «MS – DOS Overview» и закончите приведённые ниже утверждения, выбрав соответствующий вариант. Диски, которые имеются в комплекте с компьютером: а) защищены от записи; б) предназначены для записи и должны быть предварительно отформатированы; в) содержат информацию и программы. В компьютере имеются 2 дисковода для дискет, из которых в качестве основного дисковода применяемого по умолчанию: а) может быть использован только дисковод А; б) может быть использован как дисковод А, так и дисковод В; в) может быть использован только дисковод В. Спецификация файла - это: а) имя файла; б) имя файла и расширение; в) имя директорий и субдиректорий, в которые структурно входит искомый файл, его имя и расширение. Два файла: а) не могут ни при каких условиях иметь одинаковое имя; б) могут при любых условиях иметь одинаковые имена; в) могут иметь одинаковое имя, находясь в разных директориях. Термин “DEFAULT DIRECTORY” означает: а) корневую директорию; б) рабочую или текущую директорию; в) директорию, которую удаляют. Внешние команды: а) находятся в памяти компьютера всегда; б) загружаются с диска только тогда когда требуются; в) используются при создании, копировании файлов и дисков. Два файла: а) не могут ни при каких условиях иметь одинаковое имя; б) могут при любых условиях иметь одинаковые имена; в) могут иметь одинаковое имя, находясь в разных директориях. Термин “DEFAULT DIRECTORY” означает: а) корневую директорию, б) рабочую, или текущую директорию, в) директорию, которую удаляют. Внешние команды а) находятся в памяти компьютера всегда б) загружаются с диска только тогда когда требуются, в) используются при создании, копировании файлов и дисков. “BATCH FILE” - это а) особый файл, в котором хранится последовательность команд, используемых друг за другом; б) особый файл в корневой директории; в) наиболее часто используемый файл. This section introduces MS-DOS and shows how it helps you to use your computer easily. MS-DOS has a number of powerful features, and the paragraphs below contain cross-references to further details later in the manual. What is MS-DOS? MS-DOS is an operating system - a piece of software which looks after the running of your computer. It lets you create and keep track of files, run and link programs, and make use of peripheral devices (for example, printers and disk drives) attached to your computer. Because your computer can run with one of several different operating systems (for example, MS-DOS, CP/M) the operating system is not built into the computer. Instead it is loaded from disk when the computer is started up. Once the operating system has been loaded into the computer’s memory the disk from which it was loaded may be removed if required. The operating system needs to be reloaded only if part has been overwritten (when using very large programs, for example) or when the computer is restarted. Disks A disk is a data storage medium consisting of a flat, circular, magnetic surface on which information can be recorded. You will receive several disks with your computer. These already contain information and programs, and are ready to use. Blank disks can be used to store your own information and programs, but these disks must be formatted before they can be used. Disks which contain important information can be write-protected. This means you can read from but not write to the disk, making it impossible to write accidentally over information. Your disks can be write-protected - instructions are included in each box of disks. Default drive Your computer may have either one or two disk drives, which MS-DOS knows as drives A: and B: The default drive is the one which MS-DOS uses unless you tell it to do otherwise. It is shown by the prompt which MS-DOS displays: A> drive A is the default drive B> drive В is the default drive To change the default disk drive, enter the new drive letter: A> B: changes the default drive from A to В B> A: changes the default drive from В to A File Computers store information on disks in files. A file is a collection of related information such as a computer program or the text of a letter. Each file is given a unique name, and each filename is stored in a directory. To find out about the files in a directory, use the MS- DOS command DIR. When referring to a file, you must use a file specification. This consists of a pathname, a filename and an extention (if there is one). As an example, to reference a file on drive B: called FRED.BAS (where the default drive is ‘A’) the correct file specification would be: B:\FRED.BAS File extention can be up to three characters long and are used to identify the contents of a file. MS-DOS automatically defines the meaning of some file extentions. Others can be assigned as you wish. For example, TXT can be used to indicate a text file. Directories MS-DOS lets you organize the files on your disk into directories. Directories are a way of dividing your files into convenient groups. A directory may contain any number of files, but it is often more convenient to separate the files into subdirectories. This method of organizing the disk is rather like a tree where the files are the leaves of the tree and the directories are the branches. (The first directory is usually called the “ROOT”.) You can have more than one file (leaf) with the same name provided that the files are in different directories. MS-DOS needs a pathname to find its way to a particular file. .The pathname is a series of directory names followed by the required filename, each separated from the last by a backward slash (\). If a file specification does not begin with \ the first part of the specification is taken to be default, or current, directory. Default Directory You must tell the computer which directory it is to use as its current working directory - that is, the directory you wish to work in. Do this with the CHANGE DIRECTORY command (CD). The current working directory is often called the default directory. To change the current directory use CD followed by the pathname of the directory you wish to use. For example: A> CD\SUB1\SUB3 Command A command performs some commonly used task, such as creating a directory or copying a file or disk. MS-DOS has internal and external commands. Internal commands are available at any time when your computer is running. External commands are loaded from disk only when needed. Batch File To avoid repeatedly typing the same set of commands for a commonly used task, put the command sequence into a special file called a batch file. You can then carry out the entire sequence (or batch) simply by typing the name of the batch file. Commands in batch files are carried out as if the individual commands were typed at the terminal. You can create a batch file by using the line editor (EDLIN), or by using the COPY command. If there is a batch file called AUTOEXEC.BAT in the ROOT directory when the computer is started up, it will be executed automatically (AUTOmatically EXECuted BATch file); Batch file may be made more useful by use of the SET, IF and GOTO commands. Вопросы самоконтроля Расскажите о функциях глаголов to be to и have. Что такое MS-DOS? Форма контроля Устное собеседование. Тест № 8 (см. приложение). Практическая работа №15 Причастие прошедшего времени. Языки программирования. В результате изучения темы Студент должен знать: - причастие прошедшего времени; - активную лексику по теме.
Participle II соответствует русскому страдательному причастию, оканчивающемуся на –емый, -анный, -енный, -тый, -щийся, -вшийся. В функции определения Participle II употребляется как перед существительным, так и после него.
В функции обстоятельства Participle II употребляется в причастных оборотах для выражения обстоятельства причины, времени, условия и т.д. В этом случае перед причастием иногда стоят союзы when, while, if, as, though, although. Такие причастные обороты переводятся на русский язык, как правило, придаточными предложениями (иногда сочетание «будучи + причастие).
2. Выполните упражнения. Задание 1. Поставьте глаголы to wash, to buy в формe Participle II.
Directory: upload -> 2015 upload -> Traditional British values upload -> Tv shows, Made for tv movies, Mini Series & Internet Programs Shot at Paramount Ranch upload -> Ownership Models There are two different types of ownership models upload -> Police Militarization upload -> City of rising star regular meting thursday, july 14, 2016 upload -> Township of winfield 2015 -> Кафедра английского языка №2 Дубовская О. В., Кулемекова М. В 2015 -> Android Endoscope illustration 2015 -> - 2015 -> Зимний семестр образец зачетной лексико-грамматической контрольной работы (зимний семестр) revision paper Download 3.16 Mb. Share with your friends:
|