1. I (to do) morning exercises.
2. He (to work) at a factory.
3. She (to sleep) after dinner.
4. We (to work) part-time.
5. They (to drink) tea every day.
6. Mike (to be) a student.
7. Helen (to have) a car.
8. You (to be) a good friend.
9. You (to be) good friends.
10. It (to be) difficult to remember everything.
Задание 11.Используйте слова в скобках для образования предложений в the Present Indefinite Tense .Обратите внимание, в какой форме должно стоять предложение (утвердительной, вопросительной или отрицательной).
1) They… football at the institute. (to play)
2) She … emails. (not / to write)
3) …you … English? (to speak)
4) My mother … fish. (not / to like)
5) … Ann … any friends? (to have)
6) His brother … in an office. (to work)
7) She … very fast. (cannot / to read)
8) … they … the flowers every 3 days? (to water)
9) His wife … a motorbike. (not / to ride)
10) …Elizabeth … coffee? (to drink)
3. Переведите текст «The Russian Federation» со словарём, ответьте на вопросы после текста.
The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. It occupies about 1/7 (one-seventh) of the Earth surface. The country is situated in Eastern Europe, Northern and Central Asia. Its total area is over 17 million square kilometers.
The Russian Federation is washed by 12 seas of three oceans: the Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific. In the south and in the west the country borders on fourteen countries. It also has a sea-border with the USA.
There are no countries in the world where such a great variety of flora and fauna can be found as in our land. Our country has numerous forests, plains and steppes, taiga and tundra, highlands and deserts. The highest mountains in our land are the Altai, the Urals and the Caucasus. There are over two thousand rivers in the Russian Federation. The longest of them are the Volga, the Ob’, the Yenisei, the Lena and the Amur. Our land is also rich in lakes with the deepest lake in the world, the Baikal, included.
The territory of the Russian Federation is divided into 9 time zones. The climate conditions are rather different: from arctic and moderate to continental and subtropical. Our country is one of the richest in natural resources countries in the world: oil, natural gas, coal, different ores, ferrous and non-ferrous metals and other minerals.
The Russian Federation is a multinational state. It comprises many national districts, several autonomous republics and regions. The population of the country is about 140 million people.
Moscow, the capital of Russian Federation, is the largest political, scientific, cultural and industrial center of the country and one of the most beautiful cities on the globe. Russian is the official language of the state. The national symbols of the Russian Federation are a white-blue-red banner and a double-headed eagle.
The Russian Federation is a constitutional republic headed by the President. The country government consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The President controls only the executive branch of power — the government, but not the Supreme Court and Federal Assembly.
The legislative power belongs to the Federal Assembly comprising two chambers: the Council of Federation (upper Chamber) and the State Duma (lower Chamber). Each chamber is headed by the Speaker. The executive power belongs to the government (the Cabinet of Ministers) headed by the Prime Minister. The judicial power belongs to the system of Courts comprising the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and federal courts. Our country has a multiparty system.
The foreign policy of the Russian Federation is that of international cooperation, peace and friendship with all nations irrespective of their political and social systems.
Questions:
What is the territory of Russia?
What oceans wash the borders of the Russian Federation?
How many countries have borders with Russia?
Are Russian flora and fauna various?
What are the highest mountains in Russia?
What is Baikal famous for?
What is the climate in Russia like?
What is the national symbol of Russia?
What does the Federal Assembly consist of?
Who is the head of each Chamber of the Federal Assembly?
4. Переведите текст «The Population and Economy of Russia». Ответьте на вопросы после текста.
The population of Russia is 145 mln. people; over 80% of the populations are Russians. Thirteen cities have more than one million inhabitants.
The largest city is Moscow, the capital and the economic, political and cultural centre of Russia. Located on the Moscow River the city has the population of more than eight mln. people.
St. Petersburg is the country’s second largest city in Russia and one of its major seaports and rail junctions. Founded in 1703 by Peter the Great, St. Petersburg became “a window to Europe” and the capital of Russia till 1918. Its population is about five mln. people. There are many beautiful palaces in St. Petersburg, the most famous of which is the Winter Palace which houses the Hermitage Museum, one of the greatest art collections in the world.
The third largest city, Nizhniy Novgorod, the largest city on the Volga and a major automobile and shipbuilding centre, has the population of about 1,5 mln. people. Novgorod was founded .in the 5th—6th century by Rurik, founder of the Russian monarchy.
Novosibirsk, the largest city and one of the chief industrial centers of Siberia, has the population of 1,400 000 inhabitants. Its factories produce mining equipment, turbines, textiles, chemicals and heavy machine tools. There is a university and a scientific research centre in the city.
Yekaterinburg, the largest city in the Urals, with the population of 1,300 000 people, was founded by Catherine the Great in 1721. It served as a fort and metallurgical factory, as it was situated near the great mining operations of the Urals and Siberia.
Samara is a commercial centre of the middle Volga region and primary refining centre for the Volga-Urals oilfields, has about 1,200 000 inhabitants. Founded in 1586 as a defense outpost, Samara developed into a grain-trade centre for the Volga region. The city is an important port, and a rail and industrial centre.
Questions:
1. What is the population of Russia?
2. What are the largest industrial cities of Russia?
3. What is St. Petersburg famous for?
4. Who founded Nizhniy Novgorod and Yekaterinburg?
5. Переведите текст «From the History of Russia»(по вариантам).
I) In fact, early Russia was not exactly “Russia”, but a collection of cities that gradually united into an empire. At the beginning of the 9th century a Scandinavian people known as the Varangians (варяги) crossed the Baltic Sea and landed in Eastern Europe. The leader of the "Varangians was the legendary warrior Rurik, who led his people in 862 to the town of Novgorod. Twenty years later, Rurik’s successor Oleg, gained control of Kiev and the city became the centre of a trade route between Scandinavia and Constantinople, and Kievan Rus flourished for the next three hundred years.
By the beginning of the 11th century Oleg’s great-grandson Vladimir I extended his kingdom to as far south as the Black Sea, the Caucasus Mountains, and the lower reaches of the Volga River. Kievan Rus lived to see the 13th century, but was greatly destroyed by a new invader — the Mongols. The regional princes were forced to send regular tribute to the Tatar state, known as the Empire of the Golden Horde. Under Tatar rule (1240—1480) the Russians became serfs in a feudal system. It was until 1480 that Moscow was strong enough to throw off Tatar rule for good.
II) At that time the ruler of Russia was Grand Tsar Ivan III. However, only under the rule of his grandson, Ivan the Terrible, that Russia became a unified state. In 1552 Ivan the Terrible conquered Kazan, then — Astrakhan and destroyed the power of the Golden Horde. These military campaigns opened new areas for Russian expansion, and colonization of Siberia began. In 1613 Michael Romanov was elected as Tsar. Under the Romanov Dynasty, Russia began to adopt European-style government and culture. Peter the Great introduced many changes: established technical schools, simplified the alphabet, changed the calendar and introduced many other reforms. In 1703 he founded the city of St. Petersburg on the Gulf of Finland, which served as a convenient pathway to the West.
Catherine continued Peter the Great’s reforms. She was a remarkable diplomat. Russia’s influence in European affairs increased and expanded. Being an enthusiastic patron of the arts, Catherine built the Hermitage Museum, founded academies and libraries.
Tsar Alexander II emancipated the serfs (крестьяне); he completed the conquest of Siberia. But his policy was unpopular, and he was killed by a secret terrorist group, the Narodnaya Volya in 1881. His grandson, Nicholas II abdicated in 1917 under pressure of revolutionaries, but was killed together with all the members of his family.
III) The most famous communist, Vladimir Ilych Lenin used the Bolshevic party to seize power. For the next three years, Russia was embroiled (втянута) in a bloody Civil war between the “Reds” (supporters of the revolution) and the “Whites” (supporters of the Tzar). The Reds prevailed, forming the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1922. Lenin, the founder and leader of the communist movement, headed the new state until his death in 1924.  
Joseph Stalin, who succeeded Lenin, murdered all his suspected rivals, ruled the USSR with an iron fist. Stalin “collectivized” all the peoples of Russia to state farms. Those who resisted were exiled or killed. He initiated the first five-year plans, centralized all industries. Stalin’s need to consolidate power led to the great purges (чистке) in both government and society. His campaign against so-called “enemies of the state” resulted in millions of executions, deportations to Siberia and a general sense of terror. Other major political leaders after Stalin were Nikita Khrushchev, Leonid Brezhnev, Mikhail Gorbachev, Boris Yeltsin, and Vladimir Putin.
IV) M. Gorbachev’s reforms of glasnost and perestroika aimed to stop the Soviet economic crises that had grown worse due to poor management and political corruption. His reforms, however, did not solve the problems quickly, they polarized Soviet society into two camps: those demanding change and those who wanted to maintain the status QUO. Gorbachev lost support. The failed coup attempt of August 1991, initiated by communists, forced Gorbachev’s resignation.
In 1991 Russia held its first popular election for a president. Boris Yeltsin, who resigned from the Communist Party in 1990, and courageously resisted the coup in 1991, was the first democratically elected President of Russia. Being an advocate of democracy and a market-oriented economy, B. Yeltsin, however, faced many difficult problems. But Russians have got the right to travel, they enjoy freedom of speech and religion, etc. On December 31, 1999, B. Yeltsin resigned as president and appointed V. Putin acting president. Russia entered the new millennium with new politicians, with new personalities and with new energetic people. Vladimir Putin held office successfully for 8 years and contributed to helping the country out of difficulties. On March 2, 2008 the new (third) President of Russia, Dmitri Medvedev, Putin’s follower, was elected. The Russian people are sure that the new President will justify their hopes for the better life and prosperity of Russia. In 2012, B.B. Putin was re-elected by the President of Russian Federation. 
6. Переведите текст «State System of Russian Federation». Ответьте на вопросы после текста.
The Russian Federation is set up by the Constitution of 1993. Under the Constitution Russia is a presidential republic. The federal government consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. Each of them is checked and balanced by the President.
The legislative power is realized by the Federal Assembly. It consists of two chambers: the Upper Chamber is the Council of Federation, and the Lower Chamber is the State Duma. The members of the Federal Assembly are elected by popular vote for a four-year period. Each chamber is headed by the Speaker. Legislature may be initiated in either of the two Chambers. But to become a law a bill must be approved by both Chambers and signed by the President. The President may veto the bill (наложить вето на законопроект).
The executive power belongs to the Government which is headed by the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister appoints Ministers and forms the Cabinet.
The judicial power is represented by the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and the regional courts.
The President is the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, he makes treaties, enforces laws, and appoints ministers who must be approved by the Federal Assembly.
The state symbol of Russia is a three-coloured banner. It has three horizontal stripes: white, blue and red. The white stripe symbolizes the earth, the blue one stands for the sky, and the red one symbolizes the liberty. The hymn of Russia is written by S. Michalkov and A. Aleksandrov. A new national emblem is a two-headed eagle. It is the most ancient symbol of Russia. It originates from the heraldic emblem of the Ruricovitches. All these symbols are official. They have been approved by the Federal Assembly.
Questions:
What branches does the federal government consist of?
What role does the President play in the government?
What is the legislative power in Russia?
Whom does the executive power belong to?
What is the judicial branch represented by?
What are the official symbols of Russia?
What do the stripes on the Russian banner symbolize?
8. Прочитайте и переведите текст «Education in Russia». Выделите основные ступени Российского образования. Ответьте на вопросы после текста. People in our country have the right for education. It is our Constitutional right. But it is not only a right, it is a duty, too. Every boy and every girl in Russia must go to school, that is, they must get a full secondary education. So, when they are 6 or 7 years old they begin to go to school. There are thousands of schools in Russia. There are schools of general education, where the pupils study Russian (or a native language), Literature, Mathematics, History, Biology, Music, Arts, Foreign Languages. There are also a number of specialized schools, where the pupils get deep knowledge of foreign languages, or Math or Physics.
After finishing 9 classes of secondary school young people can continue their education at different kinds of vocational or technical schools or colleges. They not only learn general subjects, but receive a specialty there. Having finished a secondary school, a technical school or a college young people can start working, or they may enter an Institute or a University. Professional training makes it easier to get higher education. As for high schools, there are a lot of them in our country. Some of them train teachers, others — doctors, engineers, architects, actors and so on. Many institutes have evening and extra-mural departments. That gives the students an opportunity to study at an institute without leaving their jobs.
Words
right — право
duty — обязанность
secondary — среднее
deep — глубокий
vocational school — профтехучилище
general — общий
to receive — получать
training — обучение
higher — высшее
extra-mural — заочный
opportunity — возможность
Questions:
Is education in our country free?
Is education in Russia right or duty?
What kind of schools are there in Russia?
What are the possible ways to continue education after the finishing of the secondary school?
What are the main types of educational institutions in our country?
What are the types of higher education institutions in Russia?
Вопросы самоконтроля
Расскажите формы образования the Present Indefinite Tense.
Напишите краткий рассказ о своей Родине.
Форма контроля
Устное собеседование.
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