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3 Functional Classifications
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1.Fibrous - Joined by Bone, ligament, or interosseous membrane
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1.Synarthrosis
Immovable joint
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2. Cartilaginous – joined by hyaline or fibrocartilage
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2.Amphiarthrosis
Slightly movable joint
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3. Synovial – capsule, synovial membrane and fluid; may contain menisci; bursae, tendons, tendon sheath to support
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3.Diarthrosis
Freely movable joint
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Type of Articulation
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Structural classification
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Functional Classification
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Specific Example
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Features
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Sutures
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Fibrous
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synarthrosis
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Lambdoidal suture
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Wormian bones joins skull bones
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Syndesmoses
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Fibrous
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Amphiarthrosis
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Longitudinal tibiofibular joint
Longitudinal radioulnar joint
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Bones joined by interosseus membrane
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Gomphoses
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Fibrous
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Synarthrosis
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Tooth in alveolar margin of maxilla and mandible
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Periodontal ligament
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Synchrondrosis
(most are temporary)
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Cartilaginous
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Synarthrosis
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1)Epiphyseal plate
2)Sternocostal
1st rib and manubrium
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1)replaced by bone
2)other rib/sternum joints start as synchrondroses but are replaced by synovial joints
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Symphyses
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Cartilaginous
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Amphiarthrosis
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1)Intervertebral joints
2) Pubic symphysis
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1)intervertebral disc
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Plane Joint
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Synovial
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Diarthrosis
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Intercarpal joints
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Gliding movement
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Hinge Joint
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Synovial
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Diarthrosis
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Elbow or Cubital Joint
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capitulum of humerus and radial head; trochlea of humerus and ulna
Movements of Flexion &Extension
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Hinge Joint
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Synovial
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Diarthrosis
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Knee or Genu joint
2 tibiofemoral joints (hinge joints) and 1 Femoropatellar joint (plane joint) within one capsule
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features include patellar ligament and ACL;
Flexion, extension rotation movements
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Pivot Joint
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Synovial
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Diarthrosis
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Atlantoaxial
Atlas and dens of axis as pivot point
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Rotation movement
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Saddle Joint
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Synovial
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Diarthrosis
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Carpometacarpal pollicis
(of thumb)
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Opposable thumb
Wide range of movements
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Ball-and-Socket
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Synovial
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Diarthrosis
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1)Glenohumeral -glenoid cavity of scapula and head of humerus; rotator cuff and biceps tendon to stabilize
2)Coxal joint -Head of femur in acetabulum of coxal bone
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Flexion, extension, rotation, abduction,
Adduction, circumduction
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