Name: ANSWER KEY
Teacher____________________________________ Period_________________________
U.S. History
STAAR
E.O.C. Review
Adapted from: M. Morrison
Describe with words or pictures how each of Alexis de Tocqueville’s five values are important to U.S. democracy.
3. Populism —Popular Sovereignty—
People participate in political life—people rule
2. Individualism
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Free to choose
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Little to no government control
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Laissez-Faire —Free enterprise—
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Individual controls own interests
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No government control over economy
4. Egalitarianism —Equality—
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Society where people are equal
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Land ownership
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Social equals
5. Liberty
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Freedom
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No overly controlling gov’t
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Rule of law
Then, what is the importance of Democratic Process—Civic Responsibility? “Building a More Perfect Union”
Lobbying: attempt to influence government officials
Non-violent protest: means of changing injustices
Litigation: resolving disputes in court
Amendments: official changes made to Constitution as needed
Alexis de Tocqueville said these values are crucial to America’s success.
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Founding Fathers’ Line-up
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Explain the significance of these Founding Fathers to the formation of the United States. Create a symbol to
help you remember the last 6 people.
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Using the twitter pages from the Moodle Review, who would these Founding Fathers follow and who would
follow them?
Benjamin Rush
“Father of American Medicine” who was a doctor, teacher and humanitarian who signed the Declaration of Independence.
John Hancock
Businessman and President of the Continental Congress. Large signature on Declaration of Independence symbolized freedom.
John Jay
Favored independence and helped negotiate a peace agreement with Britain ending the American Revolution.
John Witherspoon
Minister who signed the Declaration of Independence and supported independence through education. President of
John Peter Muhlenberg
Minister who recruited soldiers to fight against the British.
Charles Carroll
Wealthy supporter of independence who financed the American Revolution.
Jonathan Trumball, Sr.
Governor of Connecticut who sided with the colonists against the British.
John Locke
English philosopher whose ideas from “Two Treatises of Government” stated that people were born with natural rights and a ruler’s power comes from the people.
George Washington
Commanded the new Continental Army.
Thomas Jefferson
Wrote most of the Declaration of Independence listing grievances against British
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Charters of Freedom
Declaration of Independence
Constitution
Bill of Rights
When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
We hold these truths to be self‐evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.‐‐That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, ‐‐That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government
We the People of the United States, in Order to form a
more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic
Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.
The Conventions of a number of the States, having at the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a
desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added.
Amendment V
No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
In your own words…
ANSWERS MAY VARY
In your own words…
ANSWERS MAY VARY
In your own words…
ANSWERS MAY VARY
Importance…
ANSWERS MAY VARY
Importance…
ANSWERS MAY VARY
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Importance…
ANSWERS MAY VARY
Principles of the U.S. Constitution
Protections of the Bill of Rights
Explain these in your own words or draw an image that reflects the meaning
Checks & Balances—
creates a balance
of power between
3 branches—each branch (legislative, executive, judicial) assigned certain powers
Fill in the blanks
Freedom of speech
religion
assembly
press
petition
2 right to bear arms
Federalism—division of power based on location
Federal
State
Local
3 no quartering of troops
4 no unreasonable search
and seizure
Separation of Powers—divides government powers into 3 branches
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legislative – law-making body
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executive – executes the law
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judicial – judges the law
5 no self-incrimination
no double jeopardy
grand jury
eminent domain. . . the government can
take over property with just
compensation
6 trial by jury
right to a lawyer
speedy trial
Limited Government—government has only the powers given in the Constitution
7 trial by jury (civil cases)
Republicanism—democratic government chosen by the people-representation
8 no cruel and unusual punishment
Popular Sovereignty—people hold the power over government
9 rights of the people are not limited to those in the Constitution
Individual Rights—protected rights of the people in the Bill of Rights
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10 all powers not specified in the Constitution are given to the states
Homestead Act: made land available to settlers. What impact did this have on settlement of the West? Opened the opportunity to settlement of the West by settlers desiring land.
Railroads: What impact did the railroad industry have on settlement? Attracted settlers & business to the West through transportation connections
Which Railway connected east with the west? Transcontinental Railroad
Indian Wars: much conflict erupted as settlement pushed westward. What did the U.S. government do to attempt to solve the conflict?
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Sent military
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Forced removal
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Treaties
Explain the Dawes Act: Abolished Native American tribes by giving each family 160 acres to encourage Americanization
Farm Issues:
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List challenges of the frontier—drought, weather grasshoppers
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Eventual economic problems—low crop yields
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Barbed wire impact—conflict between farmers & ranchers
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Populists—3rd party movement that tried to address
farmers’ problems
What was Manifest Destiny? The belief that the nation was meant to spread to the Pacific.
How did this change demographic patterns? Government encouraged Western Expansion
What role did ranchers play in western expansion? (cattle industry boom) Ranching caused movement of cattle to railroad lines
What was the Klondike Gold Rush? Rush to the Yukon area to find gold.
How did mining impact western expansion? Miners would move hoping to strike it rich which spread settlement into new areas
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BUSINESS
Free enterprise, laissez-faire government and abundant resources caused — growth in business
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Led to growth of industry / corporations / trusts / monopolies
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Entrepreneurs
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Andrew W. Carnegie - Gospel of Wealth (philanthropy)
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John Rockefeller – Standard Oil
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List workplace abuses—low wages, long hours, dangerous work environments, repetitive tasks
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Why was this called the Gilded Age? wealth for some; poverty for others
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What was Social Darwinism? competition in business-stronger would survive
POLITICAL MACHINES
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Who was the famous political boss of Tammany Hall, NYC?
William “Boss” Tweed
URBANIZATION
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Rural to urban-Why did people move?
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Rapid growth brought problems:
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Overcrowding
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Sanitation problems
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Tenements
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Infrastructure
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Corruption
TECHNOLOGY
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Elevator
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Telephone/telegraph
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Oil drilling
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Bessemer Process
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Electricity
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How did technology impact business?
improved productivity and standard of living
IMMIGRATION
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Push factors? poverty, war, discrimination
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Pull factors? freedom, jobs, opportunity
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New immigrants from southern/eastern Europe
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What was nativism? viewpoint that wanted to restrict immigration
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Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)—What was the economic impact?
restricted immigration of Chinese workers
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Social Gospel – Christian value that motivated social reform efforts (ex. Salvation Army)
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What are some characteristics of the time?
Progressive Era
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Instructions: Trace the problems to the reform and then explain the impact.
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Problem
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Muckraker
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Reform
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What impact did the reform have?
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Economic
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Monopolies/trusts
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Banks
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Laissez-faire government
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Theodore Roosevelt
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Business regulation:
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Interstate Commerce Act
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Sherman Anti-Trust Act
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Clayton Anti-Trust
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Increased the federal government’s ability to prevent unfair business activities
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Federal Reserve Act 1913—Established the Federal Reserve System to help with economic issues
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Federal government’s movement toward enacting monetary policy
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16th Amendment—Income Tax
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Congress could now tax personal income
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Social
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Civil Rights
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Suffrage
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Working conditions
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Living conditions
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Consumer safety
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Ida B. Wells
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W.E.B. DuBois
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Elizabeth Cady
Stanton
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Susan B. Anthony
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Jane Addams, Jacob Riis
Booker T.
Washington
Upton Sinclair
wrote —The Jungle
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Gave a voice to racial equality
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Moved nation toward equality based on gender
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Settlement houses
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Education
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Movement toward social reform
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Meat Inspection Act
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Pure Food and Drug Act
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Protection of consumer health
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Labor Unions — AFL, Knights of Labor
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Gave a voice to workers’ rights
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Political
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Government corruption
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Amendments
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Initiative—voters can introduce bill
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Recall—voters can remove elected officials
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Referendum—voters could seek legislators to put a bill on a ballot
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Direct Primary—used by voters to choose candidates
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17th Amendment—direct elec. of senators
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Civil Service Reform— testing to make sure qualified people get govt. jobs
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Helped end corruption and increased participation in democratic process
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Environment
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Abuse of natural resources
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Teddy Roosevelt
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John Muir
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National Park Service Act—established parks & monuments under federal control
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National Park System—supervision & maintenance of natural parks, monuments
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Conservation of natural resources by the federal government
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