The ministry of economic development of the republic of azerbaijan rehabilitation and closure of unauthorized dump sites in the greater baku area environmental
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REHABILITATION AND CLOSURE OF UNAUTHORIZED DUMP SITES IN THE GREATER BAKU AREA ENVIRONMENTAL and SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FINAL DRAFT REPORT March -2012 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
LIST OF CONTENT ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 2 LIST OF CONTENT 3 LIST OF FIGURES 7 LIST OF TABLES 7 1. INTRODUCTION 9 1.1. INFORMATION ABOUT THE PROJECT AND THE PROJECT TARGETS 9 1.2. APPLICATION OF ESIA PROCEDURES FOR THE ISWMP 11 1.3. PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT 12 1.4. THE PROJECT STRUCTURE 12 1.5. THE PROJECT DESCRIPTION 13 1.5.1. Removal of waste 14 1.5.2. Site closure / rehabilitation 15 2. THE LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 17 2.1. APLICATION OF WB’s SAFETY POLICY FOR THE PROJECT 17 2.2. EUROPIAN REGULATION ON WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ESIA 19 2.2.1 EU Waste Management Legislation 19 2.2.2. EC Regulations Related to EIA and Environmental Permitting 21 2.3. Overall relevant Azerbaijan legislation 21 2.4. LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF WASTE MANAGEMENT 22 2.4.1. COMMENTARY TO THE CORRESPONDING LEGISLATION 23 2.4.1.1. “Law on the Environmental Protection” of Republic of Azerbaijan 24 2.4.1.2. The Law of Republic of Azerbaijan "On Industrial and Domestic wastes" 24 2.4.1.3. "Rules of regulating the settlement areas in accordance with the sanitary rules, hygienic and ecological normatives, temporary storage, regular transportation and processing of domestic waste” 27 2.4.1.4. Rules of determination of the charges for collection, placement, use and disposal of wastes 28 2.4.1.5. Classification of Waste 28 2.5. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK IN THE AREA OF WASTE MANAGEMENT 29 2.6. REGULATORY STANDARDS AND RULES 31 2.7. National Environmental Impact policy and legislation 33 2.8. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN DISCUSSION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 34 2.8.1. Non-govermental organizations (NGOs) 34 3. CURRENT ENVIRONMENT 36 3.1. THE CLIMATIC PECULIARITIES AND ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION 36 3.1.1. The climatic peculiarities 36 3.1.2. Atmospheric air pollution status 38 3.2. GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE 39 3.3. HYDROLOGY 39 3.4. HYDROGEOLOGY 40 3.5. LANDSCAPES and SOILS 42 3.5.1. Landscapes 42 3.5.2. Soils 43 3.5.3. Contamination status of soils 44 3.6. FLORA AND VEGETATION 45 3.6.1. FLORA 45 3.6.2. VEGETATION 46 3.7. FAUNA 46 3.8. SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURE AREAS 47 3.8.1. State Nature Reserve of Baku and the Absheron Peninsula Mud Volcanoes Group 48 3.8.2. Absheron National Park 49 3.8.3. Binagadi State Paleontological Nature Monument 50 3.9. THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF GREATER BAKU 51 3.10. THE RESULTS OF THE SOCIOLOGICAL SURVEY CONDUCTED AMONG THE GREATER BAKU RESIDENTS 57 3.11 Monument of historical, cultural and religious value 61 4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 63 4.1. OPEN DUMPS PROBLEMS 63 4.2. IDENTIFICATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 65 4.2.1 Introduction 65 4.2.2. Types of Impacts 65 4.2.2.1. Biophysical impact 65 4.2.2.2 Social-economic impact 66 4.2.2.3. Cultural impact 66 4.2.3 Nature of impacts 66 4.2.4. Characterization of dump sites project impact as a function of weaknesses 67 4.3. THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 69 4.3.1. Assessment of unauthorised dump sites impact on the environment 69 4.3.1.1. Introduction 69 4.3.1.2. Results of assessment of UDP impact on the environment 70 4.3.1.3. The ecological assessment of the existing status of unauthorised dump sites and the project design proposals for closing/eliminating the sites 77 4.3.2. The environmental impact of the project 101 4.3.2.1. Potential positive environmental and social impacts of the project 101 4.3.2.2. Potential negative environmental and social impact of the project 101 4.4. THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AT THE DIFFERENT STAGE OF ACTIVITIES ON UDS CLOURE/ELIMINATION 102 4.4.1. The environmental and social impacts at the construction stage 102 4.4.2. General environmental and social impacts due to dump site closure/elimination 103 4.4.3. Population exposed to a risk 104 5. ANALYSIS OF THE ALTERNATIVES 106 5.1. INTRODUCTION 106 5.2. ALTERNATIVE 1. NO PROJECT WILL BE IMPLEMENTED, THE CURRENT STATUS WILL BE KEPT. 106 5.3. ALTERNATIVE 2. CLOSURE/ELIMINATION OF OPEN DUMP SITES 107 6. THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) 109 6.1. Waste Removal 109 6.1.1. Mitigating Measures to Minimise Environmental Impacts 110 6.1.1.1. Mitigation measures for atmospheric pollution 110 6.1.1.2.Mitigation measures for impacts to the ground, to the underground and to water resources 111 6.1.1.3.Mitigation measures for impacts to flora and fauna 111 6.1.1.4..Mitigation measures for impacts to the human environment 111 6.2.1. Site studies 113 6.2.2. Planning and construction 114 6.2.2.1. Removal of the site structures 114 6.2.2.2. Additional hardening 114 6.2.2.3. Completion of closure 114 6.2.2.4. Plants 116 6.2.2.5. Filtrate (waste water), gas and surface water management 117 6.2.3. AFTER-CARE (TECHNICAL SERVICE) 118 6.2.3.1. Technical service 118 6.2.3.2. Site closure 118 6.2.3.3. Site delivery 119 6.3. MONITORING 119 6.4. INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING 121 6.4.1. General mitigation during construction 122 6.4.2. Preventive measures 122 6.5. TRAINING 124 6.6. SCHEDULE OF EMPLEMENTATION 125 7. PUBLIC DISCUSSIONS AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 126 ANNEX 1. THE WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES 128 ANNEXES ANNEX 1. THE WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES ANNEX 2. ECOLOGICAL MONITORING STANDARDS ANNEX 3. THE RESULTS OF RISK ASSESSMENT ANNEX 4. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ANNEX 5. THE MINUTES OF THE PUBLIC DISCUSSIONS ANNEX 6. THE RESULTS OF THE SOCIOLOGICAL INQUIRY ANNEX 7. THE MINUTES OF FİNAL PUBLIC DISCUSSIONS LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1. Unauthorised Dump sites 11 Table 2.1. WB’s Environmental and Social Safety Policies 17 Figure 2.1. Main Services Under the BCEP 31 Table 3.1 Average air temprature in Great Baku area 2005-2009 years 37 Table 3.2 Average raining in Great Baku area 2005-2009 years 37 Figure 3.1 Schematic map of the Absheron Peninsula lakes 40 Figure.3.2. Hydrogeologic zones in Azerbaijan: I - Greater Caucasian hydrogeological basin; II - Kura depression hydrogeological basin; III - Lesser Caucasian hydrogeological basin. Scale 1:500.000 41 Figure 3.3. Schematic map depths of ground water occurrence of eastern opart of the Absheron pepinsula 41 Figure 3.4. A map-scheme of mud volcanoes of Azerbaijan 48 Figure 3.5. Lokbatan mud volcano 49 Figure 3.6. Keyraki mud volcano 49 Figure 3.7. Abşeron NP 50 Table 3.3 A list of the State protected historical-cultural monuments of Greater Baku according to their value 62 Figure 4.1. The ways of exposure to hazardous impact because of the open dump sites (Source: Solid Waste Dump Sites in the countries with Medium- and Low Income: Technical Instructions on Planning, Construction and Operation. WB, Technical Article №. 426, WB, Washington, D.C. 1999) 65 Table 4.1. Characterization of landfills and unauthorised dump sites closure projects’ impact as the function of weak points 69 Table 4.2. Risk ranking of unauthorized dump sites 72 Table 4.3. The project proposals for closing/elimination of unauthorised dump sites 78 Figure 6.1. Final site covering 116 Table 6.1. A list of management plans 123 LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1. WB’s Environmental and Social Safety Policies Error: Reference source not found Table 3.1 Average air temprature in Great Baku area 2005-2009 years Error: Reference source not found Table 3.2 Average raining in Great Baku area 2005-2009 years Error: Reference source not found Table 3.3 A list of the State protected historical-cultural monuments of Greater Baku according to their value Error: Reference source not found Table 4.1. Characterization of landfills and unauthorised dump sites closure projects’ impact as the function of weak points Error: Reference source not found Table 4.2. Risk ranking of unauthorized dump sites Error: Reference source not found Table 4.3. The project proposals for closing/elimination of unauthorised dump sites Error: Reference source not found Table 6.1. A list of management plans Error: Reference source not found 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. INFORMATION ABOUT THE PROJECT AND THE PROJECT TARGETS The “Integrated Solid Waste Management” project (ISWMP) executed according to the Credit Agreement signed on May 20, 2009 between the Government of Azerbaijan represented by the Ministry of Economic Development and the World Bank under the “Ecological Rehabilitation of Absheron Programme” is implemented. The main purpose of the “Ecological Rehabilitation of Absheron Programme” is to eliminate the environmental risks on the Absheron Peninsula being the main industrial potential of Azerbaijan and home for human resources, to clean the soil that is very important for the rapid economic and demographic development. The following are the main development:
In the “Integrated Solid Waste Management” project (ISWMP) framework, the following activities are planned: preparation of the strategy in solid waste management area, closure of plenty of unauthorised dump sites available on the Absheron Peninsula, the rehabilitation/closure of the planned (Balakhany, Surakhany, Garadagh) waste landfills, establishment of the infrastructure (including equipment) required for the implementation of solid waste management, institutional strengthening. One of the results of the inadequate waste management in the Greater Baku area for many years is appearance of a lot of Unauthorised dump sites (UDS). The total number of uncontrolled dump sites covering an area of 100 m2 is more than 200. These dump sites are located at the different places, in the vicinity of the residential areas, roads, lakes (ponds), construction sites, on the land not used at the moment, in place of old quarries, etc. Parallel with solid domestic waste, hazardous wastes and inert wastes are disposed at these dump sites. UDS’s create big ecological and social problems together with the removal of land areas from the use that is an actual issue in the Greater Baku: (i) Waste is regularly incinerated at those dump sites and as a result, smoke and odour create serious risks for the human health and; (ii) Effluents from the dump sites contaminate ground and surface water; (iii) The wastes stored at those sites are not covered. The wind widens the environmental pollution fact creating additional environmental problems through spreading the all the light materials (paper, cardboard, clothes, plastic bottles, etc.) over the large areas. One of the sub-projects implemented in the framework of ISWMP project is “Closure/Elimination of Unauthorised Dump Sites in the Greater Baku Area”. 67 dump sites are planned to be closed according to their significance rate under this project. In this case, the following criteria were taken as a basis:
The UDS location situation in the Greater Baku included in the project activity framework is shown in Figure 1. Lokbatan 
Figure 1.1. Unauthorised Dump sites 1.2. APPLICATION OF ESIA PROCEDURES FOR THE ISWMP ESIA is an important planning tool for integrating environmental consideration and public involvement into development projects including solid waste management. The application of ESIA at an early stage of ISWM Projects makes the project environmentally sound, socially acceptable and technically feasible. An application of ESIA facilitates to safeguard agreed environmental standard, provide cost effective measures to be adopted and involve various communities and stakeholders at the various stages of ESIA implementation. ESIA also provides balanced, credible and reliable information for decision making, right at planning stage. The application of ESIA is of utmost importance for the solid waste management project as the solid waste problem is in ever-growing trend due to the rapid growth of urbanization, consumerism and industrialization. Improper management of municipal solid waste causes mainly the degradation of environmental quality, loss of aesthetic beauty and public health hazards in the municipalities concerned. The inadequate management, and the project implemented without ESIA can affect the viability of waste treatment and disposal options such as operation of composting, incineration and sanitary landfilling. ESIA helps towards converting wastes into useful resources in terms of recycled products, valuable energy sources, safe disposal of hazardous wastes and reclamation of problematic old landfill sites into promising recreational areas. For the activities implemented in the framework of this project (Components B and C), a package of documents including ‘Environment and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA)” and “Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)”, in accordance with the World Bank’s requirements and the Azerbaijani Legislation will be produced:
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