Tournament of Champions 2k8 Comprehensive Caselist

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China CP
Ontology K
Sacramento Jesuit MS – Affirmative – MEDFLAGS

Rowland Hall St Marks BL – Negative

China DA

A. China is winning the competition for influence in Africa – unconditional aid

Chau 07 (Donovan, Adjunct Faculty member and member of the University graduate faculty in the Department of Defense and Strategic Studies, Missouri State University, “POLITICAL WARFARE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: U.S. CAPABILITIES AND CHINESE OPERATIONS IN ETHIOPIA, KENYA, NIGERIA, AND SOUTH AFRICA”, March, http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB766.pdf)

PRC political warfare operations… interests abroad.207

B. Public health initiatives are key to China's influence – aff challenges that

Gill et al 06 (Bates, Center for Strategic and International Studies, “China’s Expanding Role in Africa Implications for the United States”, 12/1, Report of the CSIS Delegation to China on China-Africa-U.S. Relations, http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/chinainafrica.pdf)

China, in its quest for a closer strategic.. future strategic partnership.

C. U.S. and Chinese influence in Africa is zero sum – Africa will choose between one model of development at the expense of the other

McLeary, 07 (Paul, staff writer for the Columbia Journalism Review, “A Different Kind of Great Game”, March, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3744&print=1)

In such a fight, China’s unfettered… that the United States is promising.

The Chinese model secures Chinese access to oil – key to their economy

Pan 07 (Esther, Council on Foreign Relations, “China, Africa, and Oil”, 1/26, http://www.cfr.org/publication/9557/)

China's booming economy, which…. Oil from African countries

That’s key to ruling party stability

Zweig and Jianhai, 05 (David, director of the Center on China's Transnational Relations at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, and Bi, post-doctoral fellow at the Center, Foreign Affairs, “China’s Global Hunt for Energy”, September/October, proquest)

An unprecedented need for resources…. Top rung of the communist party

And, regime instability causes lashout and nuclear war

Renxing 05 (Sen, staff writer, The Epoch Times, (a privately owned Falon-Gong linked newspaper) August 3, 2005, “CCP Gambles Insanely to Avoid Death” http://www.theepochtimes.com/news/5-8-3/30931.html)

Since the Party’s life is “above all else… hostage and gamble with their lives

China CP

The People’s Republic of China should (do something related to the plan, probably) by accelerating its assistance to Africa through the Forum on China-Africa Co-operation.

China has a longstanding history of health diplomacy with Africa – it can provide effective assistance

de Looy 06 – Voy African Studies Centre in Leiden- (July-Sep, Judith “Africa and China: A strategic partnership?” http://www.idsa.in/publications/strategic-analysis/2006/jul-sep06/JudithLooy090107.pdf)

Today, relations between China… based on expertise and trust.

And, the Forum on China-African Cooperation provides an effective mechanism for the PRC to multilaterally engage Africa to solve problems

PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs 06 – January 2006 (“China’s Africa Policy,” http://www.chinaembassy-canada.org/eng/zxxx/t230615.htm)

Launched in 2000, the Forum on China… Forum and the NEPAD.

Ontology K

The affirmative theory of international relations relies on the State as its ontological foundation. Their politics is rooted in sovereignty.

Bartelson 95 (Jens, Prof. at Dept. of Poli Sci at U Stockholm, A Genealogy of Sovereignty, p. 22-23

To be sure, this line of criticism…. Whole; the international system.

Ontology shapes our way of knowing, as well as being. It is the most fundamental pre-cursor for our actions

Dillon 99 (Michael; Professor of Politics, Lancaster, Political Theory, April 99 pages 197-198)

As Heidegger – himself an especially… be technocrats of decision making.

This model of sovereignty guarantees cycles of increasingly violent wars and atrocity.

Cavanaugh 99 (William T, Asst Proff of Theology, Cambridge, “The City: Beyond Secular Parodies” Radical Orthodoxy pages 192-193

Alt text – changes depending on the aff…. Usually something involving rejecting a political understanding of being though

And, their ontology narrows our way of understanding political problems and solutions because it is always intertwined with sovereignty discourse. We must rethink the given terrain.

Bartelson 95, Same Cite, Pages 1-2

What is sovereignty? If there are questions… sovereignty right from the start.

Sacramento Jesuit MS – Affirmative – MEDFLAGS

Contention I Inherency

The US and China are fighting a political war for regional interests in Sub-Saharan Africa, and China is winning control of regional anchor states. Absent action by the US, our interests will be lost

Lovelace 07 (Douglas, Director of Strategic Studies Institute, Forward to “Political Warfare in Sub-Saharan Africa”, March)

Africa today has emerged … warfare and uses it seriously.
And, this political warfare is waged through methods such as public health aid and education

Chau 07 (Donovan, MOState Department of Defense and Strategic Studies, Expert in threats emerging from Africa for AMTI (an ex-special ops security group), “Political Warfare in Sub-Saharan Africa” March)

A clear, concise, and …peoples and cultures.19
We have political warfare capabilities – for example, air force MEDFLAG operations to give public health assistance

The U.S. Air Force also …. within its support units.

However, these programs don’t work – a lack of DOD interest in health operations keeps them under-sized

Carafano and Gardiner, 2003

(James Jay, Senior Research Fellow for National Security and Homeland Security in the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies, and Nile is Jay Kingham Fellow in International Regulatory Affairs in the Center for International Trade and Economics, at the Heritage Foundation, “US military Assistance for Africa: A better solution,” http://www.heritage.org/Research/Africa/bg1697.cfm)

U.S. military strategy is ,… attention and resources.

The Department of Defense should establish yearly MEDFLAG exercises in Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa.

Contention II is Hege
China is turned towards Africa as the key to it’s major foreign policy objective – the acquisition of global leadership and hegemony

Chairman Mao Tse-tung …achieve great power status.
And, China is winning the political war – they are currently succeeding in Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa, which are the key strategic states in Africa

Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, … and scientific fields.

These diplomatic exertions are tied to China’s military buildup and push for global leadership

Pan 06 (Esther, Council on Foreign Relations, May 18, “China’s Soft Power Initiative”)
Introduction

China's much-noted …; it’s China wielding a club.”

That devastates US leadership; it’s a zero-sum tradeoff

O’Connell 06 (Meghan, UPI, “China Threatens to Rival American Power Status”, June 22, http://www.spacewar.com/reports/China_Threatens_To_Rival_American_Power_Status.html)

China's rapid military … growth would itself have a global impact."

The collapse of US dominance causes an apolar power vacuum and multiple scenarios for nuclear transition wars

Ferguson 04 (Niall, Professor of History at New York University's Stern School of Business and Senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, “A world without power,” Foreign Policy 143, p. 32-39, July-August)

Independently, Chinese hege collapses our ability to maintain trade deals and resource connections

Zweig and Jianhai 05 (David, director of the center on China’s Transnational Relations at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, and Bi, postdoctoral fellow at the same location, Foreign Affairs, “China’s Global Hunt for Energy”, September/October, http://fullaccess.foreignaffairs.org/20050901faessay84503/david-zweig-bi-jianhai/china-s-global-hunt-for-energy.html)
The United States has … assume that Australia would help it defend Taiwan against a Chinese military

Africa is the future of global oil supplies – trade connections are key to prevent shortages

Shinn 07 (David, CSIS Africa Policy writer, “Africa, China, the United States, and Oil” May 8,)
The 53 countries in Africa possess only 9 percent … comes from the Middle East.
Supply shortages cause oil price hikes

Williams 05 (James, WTRG Economics, “History and Analysis – Crude Oil Prices” http://www.wtrg.com/prices.htm)

Crude oil prices behave … reminiscent of the late 1970s.  
That decks the domestic economy – no more stable labor markets

The Economist 04 (April 23)

China is already on the verge of overheating. But inflationary much frayed as in tatters.
And that tanks the global economy

Stein 02 (Charles, Business Columnist for the Globe , Boston Globe , March 31, Lexis)

A coincidence? No waywhen we stop buying,… these countries stop selling. And growing.

Impact is shootouts and extinction

Bearden 00 T.E., LTC U.S. Army (Retired), [“The Unnecessary Energy Crisis: How to Solve It Quickly,” http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3aaf97f22e23.htm, June 24]

History bears out that desperate nations take …for many decades.

Unchecked Chinese presence in Africa cause skyrocketing small-arms sales – US is key to human rights standards in weapons sales.

Pan 07 (Esther, Council on Foreign Relations, “China, Africa, and Oil” January 26)

 Selling arms to African … and uses them as a foreign policy tool.

Unchecked small arms sales cause child soldier use

Human Rights Watch 06

Human Rights Watch, Facts About Child Soldiers, 2006 http://www.humanrightswatch.org/campaigns/crp/facts.htm

Children are uniquely … and can be used by children as easily as adults.

That’s dehumanizing and psychologically abusive in the worst ways

Stohl 00 Rachel, Child Soldiering is the Worst Form of Child Labor, Center for Defense Information, June 22, 2000 http://www.cdi.org/friendlyversion/printversion.cfm?documentID=582
As with other … combat activities

Contention III is Solvency

Military medical operations are a cheap and effective method of engagement and establish us politically – we control empirics on this question

Carroll 01 (Terry, Colonel in US Army, “Engagement or Marriage: The Case for an Expanded Military Medical Role in Africa)

Just as the NSS provides … synchronize efforts worldwide.
MEDFLAG exercises are effective tools for political warfare and defense strategy – experts conclude they’re the single most important way for the US to access Africa

Fox 97 (William Jr, Army Lieutenant Colonel, Special Forces officer and flight surgeon, “Military Medical Operations in Sub-Saharan Africa” June 24)

But, if such an … recent MEDFLAG missions.
Also, US military intervention in sub-Saharan Africa is inevitable; the only question is how we shape our policy

Schaefer 07, Heritage Foundation, 2.7. (Brett, “Creating an Africa Command,” http://www.heritage.org/Research/Africa/wm1349.cfm)

Africa is no longer a distant … in the region in coming years.

And, Even they you win a world without hegemony is better, they still lose – getting there would mean massive transition wars across the globe

Posen and Ross 97

(Barry Posen, Professor of Political Science in the Defense and Arms Control Studies Program at MIT, Andrew Ross,

Professor of National Security Studies at the Naval War College, International Security, Winter 1997)

The United States can, more …even for those not directly involved.

The impact to these wars is extinction

Nye 90, Former Dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, Bound to Lead p. 17 1990

Perceptions of … know it may end.
Underestminating China is the single greatest danger and is a legitimate threat to security; their alternative would uniquely increase the possibility of war.

Mearsheimer 05 (John, prof. of polisci at U of Chicago, November 18, The Australian, “The Rise of China Will Not Be Peaceful at All”, lexis)

THE question at hand is …… which is sure to infuriate China and fuel the security competition between Beijing and Washington.

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