Nepal Company War or Anglo-Nepal war Situation: Geo Strategic- political
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| 68 PRNW PP 465, and Ibid PP 467. 69 Sandes P 235. 70 History of Bengal Artillery PP 30. 71 Based on the USI Journal of 1872-73. The actual casualties were one officer killed and 36 all ranks wounded. But their morale being very poor, most did not attempt an actual assault. 72 Colonel Shakespear's Article at PP374 of the USI Journal. 73 Sunder Lal PP63. 74 Penderal Moon PP 378. 75 Mawbey's Report to Lord Moira after the battle of Kalunga in which the British casualties for second attack were killed 4 officers, 27 Other Ranks and wounded 16 officers and 213 Other Ranks. So infuriated was Moira that he ordered the Kalunga Fort to be razed to he ground. The Fort was destroyed on 2 December 1814; also Mawbey's report to Lord Moira through Lieut Colonel Fegan dated 01 December. 76 BD Pande (Eng) PP 370-71. 77 Based on Captain Bal Bhadra's letter of December 1 of 1814; Ripu Darman Thapa's letter of December 4 and others, the manuscript of which are in the possession of the author. 78 Martial Races of India by Lieut Gen Mc Munn PP 86. 79 In India Reveled: The arts and Adventure of james and William Fraser (1801-1835). This book is not for sale in India. 80 Young's Biography: Three Hundred years in Innishowen .. An Account of Family of Young .. IN referring to Bal Bhadra as leonid, Leonides or Leonide (pro-an-d-dez) he was symbolizing him with the radiance of a shooting star constituting star constituting a meteoric shower that recurs near the 15th November. Timewise too Bal Bhadra's operations telescoped. 81 The details of rations and other recoveries are given at PRNW PP 502. 82 The last report of the Board of East India Company is available in PRNW at PP 443. 83 Memoirs of Dehra Dun by GRC Williams see British Rule in India PP 64. 84 Ochterlony's letter at PRNW, PP 275. The note read:"The Governor General has not overlooked the inconvenience for the subject of the foreign state (Nepal) holding land in the dominions of the British Government." 85 Moira's letter of 8 August 1815. 86 Remarked by Field Marshal Roberts of Kandhar many years later as C-in-Indian Army 1889-95. 87 See Chapter on Gorkha Administration in Occupied Territories. 88. Political Arrangements PRNW, PP 267-268. 89 Ibid PP 701 90 PRNW, 214-215. 91 Quoted by Hasrat at PP 268 from The Campbell Sketch. 93 Perceval Landon confirm it so in his book Nepal (Vol I) 1928 (PP 264) 94 Pemble, 224. 95 PRNW, PP 278. 96 Also see The History of Bengal Artillery PP 29. 97 PNRW, Moira's Report of 2 August 1815. 98 Military Engineers IN India by Sandes, PP 239. 99 Enclosure with Moira's Narrative of War, letter of 2 August 1815, (PRNW, PP 718) 100 Incompetence or irretrievable damages in war had resulted in removal of the senior Military commanders all over the world. In World War II, Wavell, Auchinleck and others had been removed BM Kaul became a casualty in the 1962 India-China war. In operation Desert-Storm, the US Air Force commander was sacked for a small aberration. Often military commanders have become scape-goat for failures of the politicians. 101 Quoted from Pemble, PP 241. 102 From History of the Family of Hearsays. 103 Regimental History of 24th /41 PP 88 interestingly, the motto of this Regiment was akin to the Gorkhas' motto, both meaning rather death than be dishonoured. 104 Moon, PP 378-79. 105 PRNW, PP 712. 106 Nepalko Sainik Itihas, PP 420 and PRNW, PP 524. 107 Birbhanjan is said to have told he British: " I have issued orders to my victorious troops not to molest your wounded men but any aggression will be severely punished". And of Kanaknidhi, Wood had written, " If he is with the enemy I have no dubt of his treachery". 108 Wood's report at PRNW, PP 524 India no doubt of history of Bengal Artillery PP 25. 109 From Article " The Operation Leading To Capture of Almora In 1815" by JC Powell-Price (obtained from the Gurkha Museum Winchester, England). 110 A Matter Of Honour: An Account Of the Indian Army. Its Officers And Men by Philip Mason. 111 Original letter of Amar Singh Thapa is kept in India Officer Library. 112 In moira's report of 2 Ausgust 1815. 113 Hyder Young Hearsey was an Eurasian of the Hearsey family. He was trained by General M Perron who served with Scindias. An active adventurer who traveled to Tibet and then fought against the Gorkhas in Kali Kumaon. 114 Earlier known as kurmanchal, kumaon fascinated Mahatma Gandhi. He wrote of it in Young India in 1929: "In these hills natural hospitality all men can do. The enchanting beauties of the Himalayas envelops you. Leaves nothing to be desired. I wonder whether the scenary of the hills and the climate are to be surpassed, if qualled by any beauty spot of the world." 115 The reasons why the British regarded Garhwal and Kumaon essential to their security have already been explained elsewhere. The passes of Thag La, Tsang Chak La, Mana, Niti, Tan Jung La, Kungribingri, Lipu Lekh etc provided easy entry into Tibet or Tartary. The region served as a trade corridor to China. 116 Liet Colonel William Gardner. A King's officer. He had served Moira in Quiberon in 1795. Then acted as a free lance mercenary in India and became Hearsey's brother-in-law. 117 Harsh Dev Joshi. Harsh Dev played his role continuously until this war, when he had joined Gardner in January 1815 to advise him to fight the Gorkhas. Gardner, to quote Pemble, 'was struck by the intelligence of Joshi and saw his utility'. The British made him a Tehsildar but he died in July 1815, lamenting and cursing every one. However, his sons were given a petty pension by the British, as a sop. 118 See BD Pande,pp 373 (English Version). 119 The information on Hearsey's operations are also contained in micro-films in the Army Museum London. 120 Also see Pre- Muntiny Records Office of The Commissioner of Kumaon, PP 79; now located is regional Archives, Lucknow. 121 Years later Champawat became famous for the story of Man Eater of Kumaon by Jim Corbett. 123 Much of the prejuidice against Anglo-Indians (Eurasians) also came in the way keeping Gardner in command. Besides being a case of injustice, it has corollary with World War II-situation in North Afrika Korps, he earned all the credit. Eurasian were grossty ill-treated by the British of those times almost all over the colonies. While in India Lord Moira called them 'Unconvenated' service', in Malaya they were known as Marginal Men. See Memoirs of Marquess of Hastings and Tales of the South Pacific (by James A Michner), Such a treatment arose from English psychology of 'Whiteman's Superiority', being lowered by the offsprings from the women of colured races in the colony. 124 Pre-Munity Records, PP 262. 125 BD Pande, PP 394. 126 See Hasrat, PP187. 128 Other Records are also available at PRNW, PP 572, 573. 129 For full text of Bam Shah's letter see Atkinson, Vol II, Part II, PP 665-666. 130 Critical views on this campaign are also contained in an article by Powell Price (In possession of the author). 131 Interest in the Gorkha was raised for the first time by Kirkpatrik who visited Nepal ini 1792-93. He opened the veil of secrecy. Being a soldiers in the Indian Army. 132 Ochterlony said when defeat stared hard at him at Ramgarh. 133 See PRNW (1993 Publn) PP 529. 134 Shipp formed part of HM's 87th Regiment and operated under Kelly at Hariharpur. His Memoirs PP 90. 135 See notes on Young in Kalunga, Jaithak and in Reflections. 136 Fraser's India Revealed …. is an outstanding tribute to the Gorkhas. 137 Ross led the Irregulars against Bilaspur and then was successful in sabotaging the outer perimeter of Kazi Amar Singh's defences at Rajgarh. Paradoxically he was assigned to raise the 1st Nasiri Battalion. 138 RL Turner said so in the Foreword of Dictionary Of The Nepali Language. The full text is: Uncomplaining you endure hunger and thirst and wounds and as last unerring lines disappear into the smoke and the wrath of battle, Bravest of the braves, most generous of the generous, never had a country a more fair friend than you. 139 Lord Moira not a Gorkha-lover but was turned into a Gorkha admirer in the end. See PRNW PP 734-35. 140 The idea of causing defection of the enemy troops was first originated from Moira's letter of August 1814 where Fagan wrote: tendency particularly at the outset of the context to break up the enemy's force". See PRNW, PP 230-231. The triumph of this stratagem could be seen when, while Amar Singh and Bhakti Thapa were fighting for their survival on 15-16 April, a large number of Gorkha defected. See PRNW, PP 602-604, also see Chaudhari PP 74. 141 References to Gorkha and other hill tribes joining the forces of Martindell and Ochterlony are contained in Ludhina Records, PP 454 and Atkinson's Himalayan Districts Gazetteer PP 671-672. 142 From the memorial at Dun. Simailar views are adequately given by Atkinson Vol II, PP 638-639. 143 Quoted from 300 years In Innishowen ---------- An Account Of Family Of Young Of Culdaff, PP 109. 144 Victoria Cross by CE Lucas Philips. On the Gorkhas he wrote after compiling the book: " A happy breed of men… like many mountain races … " and "a grin is easily evoked in the worst of the weather or conditions." 145 See Hasrat, PP 185 146 PP 229 The Campbell Sketches. 147 See PRNW, PP 757-760. Also 873. 148 Comments on dates of raisings of the Nasiris are also in Rajgarh. 149 Recruiment. Some views are also included in PP Banskota's A History of The Gorkha Recruiment In The British Indian Army. 150 Composition of the Nasiri and Other Battalions. It is erroneous to say that only the Gorkhas were enrolled in these battalions. In fact, the Gorkhas were not more than one fourth of the total strength. A nominal roll of Inter regimental Challenge Cup of the Gorkhas located at Almora (9GR) also raised in driblets from 1814, shows that of the total strength of 19, five alone were Gorkhas and others included Kumaonis, Muslims, Garhwalis and plainsmen. The purification of the Gorkha battalions took place in only 1850s. 151 From Chapple Papers in the Gurkha Museum, Winchester, UK. 152 1891 USI Essay" Our Recruiting Grounds of the Future Indian Army by Lieut Col FG Gardner. 153 Florence Nightingale in Notes on Matters Affecting Health. Efficiency and Hospital Administration of the British Army. 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 Directory: docs docs -> Application for acem docs -> Observational Assessment of Teaching Practices Teaching Assessment Initiative Proposal Submitted to The Teachers for a New Era project docs -> Traditional British values docs -> From Warfighters to Crimefighters: The Origins of Domestic Police Militarization docs -> Borzoi Club of America Register of Merit Program I. 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