Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 113 Author


URL: ://000185741300011 Author Address



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Author Address: Univ Helsinki, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, FIN-15140 Lahti, Finland.

Ojala, A, Univ Helsinki, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Niemenkatu 73, FIN-15140 Lahti, Finland.


Reference Type: Journal Article

Record Number: 120

Author: Mazur, Hanna; Lewandowska, Justyna; Blaszczyka, Agata; Kot, Agata; Plinski, Marcin

Year: 2003

Title: Cyanobacterial toxins in fresh and brackish waters of Pomorskie Province (northern Poland)

Journal: Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

Volume: 32

Issue: 1

Pages: 15-26

Accession Number: AN 2003:758215

Keywords: Algal bloom (cyanobacteria; cyanobacterial toxins pollution of and HPLC with diode array detector detn. in freshwater and brackish water ponds of and coastal seawater off Pomorskie Province, Poland); Anabaena circinalis; Anabaena flos-aquae; Anabaena planctonica; Anabaena spiroides; Aphanizomenon flos-aquae; Cyanobacteria; Gloeotrichia echinulata; Microcystis aeruginosa; Microcystis flos-aquae; Microcystis wesenbergii; Nodularia spumigena; Oscillatoria; Phormidium (cyanobacterial toxins pollution of and HPLC with diode array detector detn. in freshwater and brackish water ponds of and coastal seawater off Pomorskie Province, Poland); Water pollution (freshwater and brackish water ponds and seawater; cyanobacterial toxins pollution of and HPLC with diode array detector detn. in freshwater and brackish water ponds of and coastal seawater off Pomorskie Province, Poland)

cyanobacteria toxin pollution freshwater brackish pond Pomorskie Province Poland; toxin cyanobacteria bloom freshwater brackish pond pollution Poland; HPLC diode array detector detn cyanobacteria toxin pond water



Abstract: Hepatotoxic cyclic peptides and neurotoxic alkaloids are the most common groups of cyanobacterial toxins. They pose a serious threat to human and animal health, each year being responsible for several cases of animal fatalities (mammals, fish, birds). In Polish water bodies, toxic cyanobacterial blooms are frequently obsd. In this work, a procedure for anatoxin-a anal. was modified to obtain a sensitive, selective method for routine studies of bloom samples. The presence of cyanobacterial neuro- and hepatotoxins in freshwater and brackish water of Pomorskie Province was examd. Hepatotoxins, microcystins or nodularin, were detected in all phytoplankton samples dominated by the cyanobacteria, Microcystis and Anabaena genera or by Nodularia spumigena. HPLC-diode array detector anal. showed the presence of anatoxin-a in only 1 sample collected in coastal water of the Gulf of Gdansk dominated by Anabaena. [on SciFinder (R)]

Notes: CAN 140:64378

61-2


Water

Institute of Oceanography,University of Gdansk,Gdynia,Pol.

Journal

1730-413X



written in English.

64285-06-9 (Anatoxin a); 77238-39-2 (Microcystin); 101043-37-2 (Microcystin-LR); 111755-37-4 (Microcystin-RR) Role: BCP (Biochemical process), FMU (Formation, unclassified), OCU (Occurrence, unclassified), POL (Pollutant), BIOL (Biological study), FORM (Formation, nonpreparative), OCCU (Occurrence), PROC (Process) (cyanobacterial toxins pollution of and HPLC with diode array detector detn. in freshwater and brackish water ponds of and coastal seawater off Pomorskie Province, Poland); 29270-56-2 (4-Fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole) Role: ARG (Analytical reagent use), ANST (Analytical study), USES (Uses) (derivatization agent; cyanobacterial toxins pollution of and HPLC with diode array detector detn. in freshwater and brackish water ponds of and coastal seawater off Pomorskie Province, Poland)



Reference Type: Journal Article

Record Number: 121

Author: Karlsson-Elfgren, I.; Rydin, E.; Hyenstrand, P.; Pettersson, K.

Year: 2003

Title: Recruitment and pelagic growth of Gloeotrichia echinulata (Cyanophyceae) in Lake Erken

Journal: Journal of Phycology

Volume: 39

Issue: 6

Pages: 1050-1056

Date: Dec

Accession Number: ISI:000186750700004

Keywords: akinete; Gloeotrichia echinulata; life cycle; migration; model;

recruitment

planktonic cyanophyte; algal recruitment; life strategy;

cyanobacterium; water; phytoplankton; populations; additions;

migration; sediment

Abstract: Different parameters in the life cycle of the colony forming cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata (J.E. Smith) Richter was evaluated in Lake Erken, Sweden. Recruitment of colonies from the sediments and pelagic abundance were measured during 2 years. These data were then used in a model to evaluate and estimate parameters of the life cycle. In our study, recruitment alone only contributed to a small part (<5%) of the maximum G. echinulata abundance that occurred during late summer. However, recruitment from shallow sediments forms the important seed for the pelagic population. Together with measured rates of migration from the sediment, variations in either pelagic colony division rate or pelagic residence time could explain variations in the measured abundance of G. echinulata in situ.

Notes: Cited References:

AHLKRONA M, 2000, SCRIPTA LIMNOL UPS B, V16, P1

BARBIERO RP, 1992, FRESHWATER BIOL, V27, P249

BARBIERO RP, 1993, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V127, P87

BLOMQVIST P, 2001, ENVIRON ECOL STAT, V8, P121

BRUNBERG AK, 2003, J PHYCOL, V39, P58

CHANG TP, 1983, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V97, P320

CMIECH HA, 1984, BRIT PHYCOL J, V19, P259

FERLAND C, 1997, STELLA SOFTWARE TECH

FORSELL L, 1993, SCRIPTA LIMNOL UPS B, V7, P105

FORSELL L, 1995, MAR FRESHWATER RES, V46, P287

FORSELL L, 1998, ERGEB LIMNOL, V51, P21

HAKANSSON L, 1978, SCRIPTA LIMNOL UPSAL, V8, P1

HANSSON LA, 1994, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V51, P2825

HANSSON LA, 1995, J PHYCOL, V31, P540

HEAD RM, 1998, VERHANDLUNGEN INT VE, V26, P1711

HEAD RM, 1999, FRESHWATER BIOL, V41, P759

HYENSTRAND P, 2000, J PLANKTON RES, V22, P1113

HYENSTRAND P, 2001, FRESHWATER BIOL, V46, P735

ISTVANOVICS V, 1993, J PLANKTON RES, V15, P531

KOMAREK J, 1989, ARCH HYDROBIOLOGIE S, V82, P289

NAUWERCK A, 1963, THESIS UPPSALA U SWE

REYNOLDS CS, 1972, FRESHWATER BIOL, V2, P87

REYNOLDS CS, 1981, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V293, P419

RODHE W, 1948, THESIS UPPSALA U SWE

RODHE W, 1958, PERSPECTIVES MARINE, P299

ROELOFS TD, 1970, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V15, P224

SKUJA HL, 1948, SYMBOLICA BOT UPSALI, V3, P1

TRIMBEE AM, 1984, J PLANKTON RES, V6, P897

TYMOWSKI RG, 2000, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V148, P321

WEYHENMEYER G, 1999, SCR LIMNOL UPSALIE B, V16, P1

English


URL: ://000186750700004

Author Address: Uppsala Univ, Dept Limnol, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. Erken Lab, SE-76173 Norrtalje, Sweden.

Karlsson-Elfgren, I, Uppsala Univ, Dept Limnol, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Norbyvagen 20, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.


Reference Type: Journal Article

Record Number: 122

Author: Karlsson, I.

Year: 2003

Title: Benthic growth of Gloeotrichia echinulata Cyanobacteria

Journal: Hydrobiologia

Volume: 506

Issue: 1-3

Pages: 189-193

Date: Nov 15

Accession Number: ISI:000188455600025

Keywords: recruitment; benthic growth; migration; akinete; germination

gloetrichia-echinulata; planktonic cyanophyte; lake erken; phosphorus



Abstract: Gloeotrichia echinulata is an akinete forming cyanobacterium with both a pelagic and a benthic phase. After germination of the akinete there is a short phase of growth on the sediment before the filaments develop gas vacuoles and migrate up into the water. It has been indicated that during the time of growth on the sediment surface the germlings take up nutrients. Those nutrients would be used during the pelagic phase as the pelagic colonies do not have a very efficient nutrient uptake. To test the length of the initial growth period 'akinete colonies' were picked out of sediment samples from Lake Erken, Sweden, and placed on a thin layer of sediment in wellplates (Nunclon multidish, 48 wells) in an incubator with 17degreesC and a light:dark cycle of 16:8 h. The plates were then studied under a stereo microscope and pictures were taken one or two times per day for 20 days. Germination occurred in one third of the wells and the growth was recorded. The germlings formed bundles on the surface of the old akinete colony during the experiment. Several bundles were found on the same akinete colony. In the migration traps colonies and filament bundles were found. The morphology of filament bundles found in the migration traps was similar to the filament bundles found in the germination experiment which had reached a stage of development where they would soon be considered colonies.

Notes: Cited References:

BARBIERO RP, 1992, FRESHWATER BIOL, V27, P249

BARBIERO RP, 1993, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V127, P87

CHANG TP, 1979, BRIT PHYCOL J, V14, P207

FORSELL L, 1995, MAR FRESHWATER RES, V46, P287

ISTVANOVICS V, 1993, J PLANKTON RES, V15, P531

KARLSSON I, 1999, ALGOLOGICAL STUDIES, V94, P175

KOMAREK J, 1989, ARCH HYDROBIOLOGIE S, V82, P289

PETTERSSON K, 1993, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V253, P123

RODHE W, 1948, ENV REQUIREMENTS FRE

ROELOFS TD, 1970, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V15, P224

WESENBERGLUND C, 2004, STUDIER DANSKE SOERS, V1

WEYHENMEYER G, 1999, SCRIPTA LIMNOLOGIC B, V16

English


URL: ://000188455600025

Author Address: Uppsala Univ, Limnol Dept, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.

Karlsson, I, Uppsala Univ, Limnol Dept, Norbyvagen 20, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.

Irene.Karlsson@bc.uu.se
Reference Type: Book

Record Number: 123

Author: Kangur, K.; Mols, T.; Haldna, M.; Kangur, A.; Kangur, P.; Laugaste, R.; Milius, A.; Tanner, R.

Year: 2003

Title: Lake Peipsi: common dynamics of biota, nutrients and water level and risk of critical situations

Series Editor: Frey, T.

City: Tartu

Publisher: IM Saare

Original Publication: Peipsi elustiku, biogeenide ja veetaseme uhisdunaamika ning kriitiliste olukordade risk

Accession Number: 5785264

Keywords: Biota; Nutrients (mineral); Water levels; Lake dynamics; Risks;

Estonia


Freshwater

Q5 01521 Mechanical and natural changes



Abstract: The study is based on a large hydrochemical and hydrobiological database of the shallow non-stratified Lake Peipsi, Estonia (3550 km super(2), mean depth 7.1. m) covering the period of significant decrease of external nutrient loading since the second half of 1980s. The effects and interactions of nutrient level, natural interannual water level fluctuations, and biota are estimated with advanced statistical methods. Along with clear changes in biota, certain resilience effects will be demonstrated. In Lake Peipsi, strong and long-lasting algal blooms were observed in recent years. In phytoplankton groups that demand less nutrients, as cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) have become more dominating. In the hot and dry summer 2002, blooming of cyanobacteria Gloeotrichia echinulata started in L. Peipsi s.s. in early June. Strong cyanobacterial bloom led to fish-kill in the lake, which was induced by synergistic effect of several unfavourable conditions: high temperature, low water level, great spatial and temporal variations in oxygen (saturation 25%-165%) and ammonium ion (up to 0.33 mg N 1 super(-1) content as well as in pH (7.7-9.5).

Notes: Estonian Counc. of Ecology, Tartu (Estonia); Estonian Agricultural Univ., Tartu (Estonia); Estonian Minist. of Environment, Tallinn (Estonia); Tartu Univ. (Estonia), Cent. of Excellence in Basic and Applied Ecology

9. Estonian Conf. in Ecology, Tartu (Estonia), 11-12 Apr 2003

Problems of contemporary ecology. Estonian ecology in the globalising world. 9. Short communications of Estonian ninth Conference in Ecology, 11-12 April 2003, Tartu, Estonia. Kaasaegse okoloogia probleemid. Eesti okoloogia globaliseeruvas maailmas. 9. Eesti Okoloogiakonverentsi luhiartiklid, 11.-12. aprill 2003, Tartu. pp. 73-83. 2003.

Physical medium: Printed matter

Estonian

Book Monograph; Conference



Reference Type: Journal Article

Record Number: 124

Author: Grace, M. R.; Jakob, T.; Donnert, D.; Beckett, R.

Year: 2003

Title: Effect of an alternating oxic/anoxic regime on a (freshwater) Yarra River sediment

Journal: Australian Journal of Chemistry

Volume: 56

Issue: 9

Pages: 923-932

Accession Number: ISI:000184615900012

Keywords: bicarbonate solutions; hematite dissolution; mineral dissolution;

phosphate concentrations; suspended particles; phosphorus; exchange;

release; lake; kinetics

Abstract: The uptake and release of phosphorus, nitrogen, iron, and manganese from Yarra River sediments have been examined using laboratory reactors. Both slurried and static sediments were exposed to an alternating regime of oxic and anoxic conditions. Experiments examined the effect of changing the oxygen status on daily and weekly time frames. In all experiments, after anoxiawas re-established, oxidant consumption followed the expected thermodynamic order: O-2 > Mn-IV approximate to NOx > Fe-III. Contrary to predictions based on the standard iron - phosphorus model, significant phosphorus release was observed under oxic conditions. This was attributed to the mineralization of organic matter. Nitrate was shown to minimize phosphorus release from anoxic sediments by 'redox buffering' which prevented iron(III) reduction. The high ambient water column nitrate concentration ( 40 - 45 muM) in the Yarra River should effectively limit phosphorus release from the sediments unless long term (multiweek) anoxia occurs. Reduction of nitrate concentration occurred predominantly via denitrification. This work clearly demonstrated that on a time scale of hours to weeks, the iron, manganese, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles are interacting closely.

Notes: Cited References:

*AUSTR BUR STAT, 1996, AUSTR CENS

BALDWIN DS, 1996, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V41, P1725

BALDWIN DS, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P2265

BATES MH, 1980, WATER RES, V14, P1477

BECKETT R, 1990, COLLOID SURFACE, V44, P35

BLOMQVIST S, 1990, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V206, P245

BONIN P, 1998, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V389, P169

BOON PI, 1996, MAR FRESHWATER RES, V47, P27

BOSTROM B, 1982, ARCH HYDROBIOL BEIH, V18, P5

BOSTROM B, 1988, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V170, P229

BOWLING LC, 1996, MAR FRESHWATER RES, V47, P643

BREEN PF, UNPUB

BRUNO J, 1992, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V56, P1139

BRUNO J, 2000, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V64, P2173

BUFFLE J, 1989, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V53, P399

CARACO NF, 1991, VERH INT VEREIN LIMN, V24, P2985

CAULKETT AP, 1996, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V330, P177

CLESCERI LS, 1998, STANDARD METHODS EXA

DAVISON W, 1993, EARTH-SCI REV, V34, P119

DEMONTIGNY C, 1993, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V253, P141

FOX LE, 1989, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V53, P417

FOX LE, 1991, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V55, P1529

GACHTER R, 1993, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V253, P103

GERRITSEN J, 1987, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V32, P1049

GOLTERMAN HL, 1985, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V126, P25

GOLTERMAN HL, 1995, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V297, P43

GOMEZ E, 1999, WATER RES, V33, P2437

GRACE MR, 1997, COLLOID SURFACE A, V120, P123

GUNNARS A, 1997, BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, V37, P203

GUNNARS A, 2002, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V66, P745

HARRIS G, 1996, PORT PHILLIP BAY ENV

HARRIS GP, 1999, MAR FRESHWATER RES, V50, P791

HUDSON JJ, 2000, NATURE, V406, P54

HUMMEL W, 2000, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V64, P2167

KAMPNIELSEN L, 1974, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V73, P218

LEE GF, 1976, INTERACTIONS SEDIMEN

LIND CJ, 1987, CHEM QUALITY WATER H

LORENZ J, 1999, VOM WASSER, V92, P103

LUTHER GW, 1997, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V61, P4043

MAHER WA, 1994, CHEM GEOL, V112, P91

MAYER T, 1999, WATER RES, V33, P1460

MORRIS AW, 1979, NATURE, V279, P318

PRAIRIE YT, 2001, VERH INT VEREIN LIMN, V27, P4013

REBROV EV, 2002, CHEM ENG J, V90, P61

ROY R, 1994, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V60, P3307

RYDIN E, 2000, WATER RES, V34, P2037

SLOMP CP, 1998, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V43, P832

SMITH VH, 1999, ENVIRON POLLUT, V100, P179

STUMM W, 1996, AQUATIC CHEM

THEIS TL, 1978, WATER RES, V12, P677

VANBERKEL J, 1997, J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T, V20, P2647

VANBERKEL J, 1998, THESIS MONASH U MELB

VANCAPPELLEN P, 1996, AM J SCI, V296, P197

VANRAAPHORST W, 1994, MAR CHEM, V48, P1

WAARA T, 1993, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V253, P131

WHITTON BA, 2000, ECOLOGY CYANOBACTERI

ZHANG JH, 2002, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V66, P773

English

URL: ://000184615900012

Author Address: Monash Univ, Water Studies Ctr, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Monash Univ, Sch Chem, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, ITC WGT, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.

Grace, MR, Monash Univ, Water Studies Ctr, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia.


Reference Type: Journal Article

Record Number: 125

Author: Falkner, R.; Falkner, G.

Year: 2003

Title: Distinct adaptivity during phosphate uptake by the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis reflects information processing about preceding phosphate supply

Journal: Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques

Volume: 21

Issue: 2

Pages: 363-375

Accession Number: ISI:000183378600014

Keywords: adaptive behavior; Anabaena variabilis; cyanobacteria; information

storage; epigenetic inheritance; phosphate uptake system

anacystis-nidulans; uptake behavior; system; lakes; plant

Abstract: Using a phosphate deficient population of the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis Kutzing the adaptation of the phosphate uptake system to pulsewise increases in the external phosphate concentration has been studied. The following observations have been made: 1. For an adaptation to occur, the external concentration had to be raised to micromolar levels. No adaptation was observed in the nanomolar concentration range. 2. During adaptation the uptake system was transformed within a few minutes from a more active into a less active state in which uptake behavior obeyed a linear flow-force relationship over a wide concentration range. 3. Novel adaptations were influenced in a distinct way by the outcome of previous adaptations. In consequence, adaptive alterations in kinetic and energetic properties of the phosphate uptake system, revealed during pulsewise-increases in the external phosphate concentration, depend on the pattern of previous phosphate fluctuations to which the population had been exposed. This succession of adaptive events is interpreted as a primitive form of information processing about the mode of phosphate. supply, performed by the glowing cells. 4. Information about nutrient.. fluctuations experienced by the cells of a population was transferred after cell division to daughter cells. This was shown by exposing two reference cultures, originating from the same. batch of phosphate deficient cyanobacteria, to the same amount of phosphate in two different supply modes. During subsequent growth these two cultures developed distinct adaptive potentials, which were maintained over several generations, even if they were further cultivated under identical conditions. This distinct adaptive potential affected significantly the phosphate storage capacity of daughter cells.

Notes: Cited References:

AUBRIOT L, 2000, EUR J PHYCOL, V35, P255

COHN M, 1959, J BACTERIOL, V78, P601

COHN M, 1959, J BACTERIOL, V78, P613

DESBIEZ MO, 1991, PLANTA, V184, P397

DESBIEZ MO, 1998, CR ACAD SCI III-VIE, V321, P403

FALKNER G, 1989, ARCH MICROBIOL, V152, P353

FALKNER G, 1993, CR ACAD SCI III-VIE, V316, P784

FALKNER G, 1994, CR ACAD SCI III-VIE, V317, P535

FALKNER G, 1995, J PHYCOL, V31, P745

FALKNER G, 1996, ACTA BIOTHEOR, V44, P283

GUESPINMICHEL J, 2001, ACTA BIOTHEOR, V49, P207

HUDSON JJ, 2000, NATURE, V406, P54

KULAEV IS, 1983, ADV MICROB PHYSIOL, V24, P83

MACKINNEY G, 1941, J BIOL CHEM, V140, P315

NOVICK A, 1957, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V43, P553

ROSEN R, 1985, ANTICIPATORY SYSTEMS

STUCKI JW, 1983, BIOPHYS CHEM, V18, P101

TANAKA T, 2001, J TRACE MICROPROBE T, V19, P591

THELLIER M, 1970, ANN BOT, V34, P983

THELLIER M, 2000, CR ACAD SCI III-VIE, V323, P81

THOMPSON PM, 2001, CEREB CORTEX, V11, P1

WAGNER F, 1995, PLANTA, V197, P147

WAGNER F, 2000, EUR J PHYCOL, V35, P243

English

URL: ://000183378600014

Author Address: Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Limnol, A-5310 Mondsee, Austria. Salzburg Univ, Inst Plant Physiol, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.

Falkner, G, Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Limnol, Mondseestr 9, A-5310 Mondsee, Austria.


Reference Type: Journal Article

Record Number: 126

Author: Dodds, W. K.

Year: 2003

Title: Misuse of inorganic N and soluble reactive P concentrations to indicate nutrient status of surface waters

Journal: Journal of the North American Benthological Society

Volume: 22

Issue: 2

Pages: 171-181

Date: Jun

Accession Number: ISI:000183594300001

Keywords: ammonium; dissolved reactive phosphorus; inorganic nutrients; nitrate;

nutrient limitation; phosphate; water-quality monitoring

large oligotrophic lake; prairie streams; algal biomass; nitrogen;

phosphate; limitation; phytoplankton; phosphorus; patterns; regeneration



Abstract: Dissolved inorganic N (DIN) and soluble reactive P (SRP) have been used by some to indicate the trophic status of waters, and concentration ratios (DIN:SRP) to indicate nutrient deficiency. The utility of such measurements should be questioned, particularly based on well-known problems associated with determination of the concentration of SRP, which is commonly assumed to represent PO43-. Another potential problem with using inorganic nutrient pools to represent trophic state and nutrient availability ratios arises because concentration values are in units of mass per unit volume, and cannot be used with certainty to estimate supply (i.e., turnover rate of the nutrient pool, expressed either in mass per unit volume per unit time or simply as per unit time) to organisms without information on uptake and remineralization. Two data sets with lotic water-column nutrient values were explored, a large, continental-scale data set with analyses and collections done by many laboratories, and a more limited data set collected and analyzed by the same laboratory. In concert, the data sets indicated that at high total N (TN) (i.e., >5 mg/L) and total P (TP) (i.e., >2 mg/L) concentrations, >60% of the nutrient is usually made up of dissolved inorganic forms, but at low levels the ratio of dissolved inorganic to total nutrients is highly variable. Last, DIN:SRP is a weak surrogate for TN:TP and thus should be used with caution to indicate nutrient limitation.

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