Page 3.3.4.1 Kupa ruhusa
Tumia eneo la maana hili kwa maneno yanayohusiana na tendo la kumpa mtu ruhusa ya kufanya jambo fulani. Eneo hili ni sehemu ya tamthilia (mpangilio wa matukio ya tamthilia): Una mamlaka juu yangu. Ninataka kufanya jambo fulani. Ninakupa ruhusa ya kufanya jambo hili. Unaruhusu au huruhusu.
(1) Maneno gani hutaja tendo la kumruhusu mtu kufanya jambo fulani?
• kuruhusu, ruhusa, idhini, kibali, ya kuruhusika, ya kukubalika, yenye kuruhusu, yenye kutoa uhuru
(2) Maneno gani hutumika na watu wanapomruhusu mtu kufanya jambo fulani?
• go ahead, be my guest, feel free, help yourself,
(3) Maneno gani hutaja hali ya kuruhusiwa kufanya jambo fulani?
• get permission, can, be allowed, be free to do something, may,
(4) Maneno gani hutaja tendo la kuruhusu jambo fulani litokee kwa kutokufanya juhudi zozote za kuzuia lisitokee?
• let, allow, not stand in someone's way, unchecked,
(5) Maneno gani hutaja tendo la kumruhusu mtu kufanya jambo lolote analotaka kufanya?
• give someone complete freedom, give someone a free hand, give someone carte blanche, give someone the run of,
(6) Maneno gani hutaja ruhusa ya kufanya jambo fulani?
• permission, authorization, consent, clearance, someone's say-so, license, green light, the okay, the go-ahead,
(7) Maneno gani hutaja nyaraka rasmi ambazo zinampa mtu ruhusa ya kufanya jambo fulani?
• permit, license, warrant,
(8) Maneno gani hutaja tendo la kutoa ruhusa kwa mtu kufanya jambo fulani ambalo kwa kawaida haliruhusiwi?
• bend the rules, make an exception, concession, excuse, exempt, waive,
(9) Maneno gani huelezea jambo fulani ambalo watu wanaruhusiwa kulifanya?
• be allowed, allowable, permissible, acceptable,
3.3.4.2 Kukataa ruhusa
Tumia eneo la maana hili kwa maneno yanayohusiana na tendo la kukataa kumruhusu mtu kufanya jambo fulani.
(1) Maneno gani hutaja tendo la kukataa kumpa mtu ruhusa ya kufanya jambo fulani?
• kukataa ruhusa, kukataa kuruhusu, kukanya, kukanusha, kukataza, iliyokatazwa, kupiga marufuku, kukana
3.3.4.3 Kuachilia
Tumia eneo la maana hili kwa maneno yanayohusiana na hali ya kusamehewa kutokana na sheria au wajibu.
(1) Maneno gani hutaja tendo la kumwachilia mtu kutoka amri au wajibu?
• kuachilia, kupokewa madaraka, kuuzuliwa madaraka, kuvuliwa madaraka, kuachiliwa, kusamehewa, ondoleo, kusamehe (kodi), ruhusa ya kutofanya
3.3.4.4 Kuzuia
Tumia eneo la maana hili kwa maneno yanayohusiana na tendo la kumzuia mtu kufanya jambo fulani.
(1) Maneno gani hutaja tendo la kumzuia mtu asifanye jambo fulani?
• prevent someone from, keep someone from, avert, avoid, check, frustrate, nip in the bud, obviate, pre-empt, pre-emption, prevention, prohibit, stave off, stop, stopping, constrain, impose, hinder, impede, limit, overcome, prevail,
(2) Maneno gani hutaja jambo ambalo linazuia mtu asifanye jambo fulani?
• check, constraint, impediment, limitation, restriction,
3.3.4.5 Uhuru wa kufanya unachotaka
Tumia eneo la maana hili kwa maneno yanayohusiana na uhuru--yaani wakati unapoweza kufanya vitu unavyotaka kuvifanya.
(1) Maneno gani hutaja hali ya kuwa huru kufanya jambo fulani?
• free, freely, be at liberty to do something
(2) Maneno gani humwelezea mtu ambaye yuko huru?
• free, freedman, liberated, freeborn, freeman
(3) Maneno gani huelezea tendo ambalo ni huru?
• free, open, open-ended, unrestricted
(4) Maneno gani huelezea hali au haki ya kuwa huru?
• freedom, liberty, autonomy, latitude, license, scope,
(5) Maneno gani hutaja tendo la kuanza kuwa huru?
• gain your freedom, gain your liberty, win your freedom
(6) Maneno gani hutaja tendo la kumwacha mtu huru?
• free someone, set free, liberate, emancipate
3.3.4 Kuomba ruhusa
Tumia eneo la maana hili kwa maneno yanayohusiana na tendo la kuomba ruhusa ya kufanya jambo fulani. Eneo hili ni sehemu ya tamthilia (Mpangilio wa matukio ya tamthilia): Una mamlaka juu yangu. Ninataka kufanya jambo fulani. Ninakuomba ruhusa ya kufanya jambo hili. Unaniruhusu au huniruhusu. Ninakutii au sikutii.
(1) Maneno gani hutaja tendo la kuomba ruhusu ya kufanya jambo fulani?
• ask, ask someone's permission
(2) Maneno gani hutumika na watu wanapoomba ruhusa ya kufanya jambo fulani?
• can I, may I, do you mind if, would you mind if, is it all right if,
3.3.5.1 Kukubali
Tumia eneo la maana hili kwa maneno yanayohusiana na tendo la kukubali jambo fulani kama vile mwaliko, ombi au utoaji.
(1) Maneno gani hutaja kukubali jambo au kitu fulani ulichopewa?
• accept, be acceptable to, be receptive to, take, take up, take someone up on something,
(2) Maneno gani hutaja tendo la kukubali jambo au kitu unachopewa?
• acceptance,
3.3.5.2 Kukataa
Tumia eneo la maana hili kwa maneno yanayotaja tendo la kukataa jambo fulani kama vile, utoaji, mwaliko au ombi.
(1) Maneno gani hutaja kukataa jambo au kitu unachopewa?
• reject, not accept, refuse, decline, turn down, take a rain check, have nothing to do with, turn up your nose at, throw out, say no to, veto, vote against, give something the thumbs down, dismiss, rebuff
(2) Maneno gani hutaja tendo la kukataa jambo au kitu upewacho?
• refusal, rejection,
3.3.5 Kutoa
Tumia eneo la maana hili kwa maneno yanayohusiana na tendo la kujitoa kumfanyia mtu jambo fulani.
(1) Maneno gani hutaja tendo la kujitoa kufanya jambo fulani kwa mtu fulani?
• kutoa, kutambika, kutolea kufanya jambo au kitu
(2) Maneno gani hutaja tendo la kujitolea kumpa mtu kitu fulani?
• offer someone something, offer something to someone,
(3) Maneno gani hutaja tendo la kuzuia jambo fulani au kitu fulani kwa mtu ili kwamba asiweze kukichukua kama wanakitaka.
• offer, hold something out,
(4) Maneno gani hutaja tendo la kumpa mtu fedha kwa lengo la kupata kile unachokitaka?
• offer someone (money) for something, make an offer, bid,
(5) Maneno gani hutaja tendo la kumpa mtu kitu fulani?
• offer,
(6) Maneno gani hutaja kitu kilichotolewa?
• bid,
(7) Maneno gani hutaja tendo la kuchukua tena kile kilichotolewa?
• take back an offer, withdraw an offer,
(8) Watu hutumia ishara zipi wanapotaka kutoa kitu fulani?
• Would you like...? Can I...? Shall I...? Have a/some.... Help yourself to....
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