Unjp/sfs/002/uid revitalization of forest training centres in the sadc region for green employment – Phase I
Download 0.97 Mb.
|
- Navigate this page:
- ABBREVIATIONS
- REGIONAL BACKGROUND
- History
- Damages by fires
| Project No. UNJP/SFS/002/UID
Revitalization of forest training centres in the SADC region for green employment – Phase I A regional base line study and analysis to assess the forest fire management practices in Zambia, Zimbabwe and South Africa & Propose a forest fire management component for the SADC Regional Programme Document [Petteri Vuorinen] Fire Management Expert, FAO Forestry Department
ABBREVIATIONS 5 1.REGIONAL BACKGROUND 1 1.1History 1 1.2Damages by fires 1 1.3Causes of fires 3 1.4Impacts of wildfire emissions on the atmosphere 3 1.5Fire Management 4 1.6Community involvement and the key challenges 4 1.7Past and related work done in the SADC region 5 2.ZIMBAWE 6 2.1Damage by fires 6 2.2Causes of fires 6 2.3Institutional arrangements 7 2.4Education and training 7 2.5Problem to be addressed 8 2.6Proposed activities 8 3.ZAMBIA 9 3.1Damages by fires 9 3.2Causes of fires 9 3.3Institutional arrangements and legislation 9 3.4Education and training 10 3.5Problems to be addressed 10 3.6Proposed activities 11 4.SOUTH AFRICA 11 4.1Damages by fires 11 4.2Causes of fires 12 4.3Institutional arrangements 12 4.4Education and training 13 4.5Problems to be addressed 14 4.6Proposed activities 14 5.SUMMARY - Forest fire management component for the SADC Regional Programme Document on upgrading forestry training facilities and wood industries 15 6.DETAILED - Forest fire management component for the SADC Regional Programme Document on upgrading forestry training facilities and wood industries 18 6.1Outcome and Outputs 18 6.2Outputs and activities 19 6.3Stakeholders and beneficiaries 22 6.4FAO’s comparative advantage 22 6.5Sustainability 23 6.6Risks and Assumptions 25 6.7Institutional Framework and Coordination 26 6.8Strategy/Methodology 27 28 6.9Financial and/or contributions in kind 28 6.10FAO Contribution 28 6.11Oversight, Monitoring and Outreach 31 6.12Communication and Visibility 31 6.13Reporting Schedule 31 7.REFERENCES 33
List of Annexes Annex 1.Budget 34 Annex 2.Logical Framework 35 Annex 3. Work plan 41 Annex 4. Terms of refferences 44 Annex 5. Training session details 52 Annex 6. Services and contract details 56 Annex 7.Expendable and non expendable equipment (per coutry) 57
List of Figures: Figure 1: Total area burnt per SADC country from 2001-2007 2 Figure 2: Total burned area in Zimbabwe 2003-2012(1000ha) 6 Figure 3: Total burned area in Zambia 2003-2012 (1000ha) 9 Figure 4: Total burned area in South Africa 2003-2012 (1000ha) 11 ABBREVIATIONSCBNRM Community Based Natural Resource Management CBU Copperbelt University CBFiM Community-based Fire Management DAFF Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries DoF Department of Forestry DSA Daily Subsistence Allowance EMA Environmental Management Agency GIS Geographic Information System GFIMS Global Fire Information Management System GFMC Global Fire Monitoring Center FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FC Forestry Commission of Zimbabwe FD Forestry DepartmentFPA Fire Protection Association IFM Integrated Fire Management LEGN FAO Law Development Service MFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs MoA Ministry of Agriculture NAP National Action Plan NC National Coordinators NDMA National Disaster Management Agency NDS National Development Strategy NGO Non-Governmental Organization NMMU Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University NPC National Project Coordinator NUST National University of Science and Technology of Zimbabwe REDD Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation SA South Africa SADC Southern African Development Community SC Steering Committee TA Technical Adviser TA Traditional Authorities ToR Terms of References TSS Technical Support Services UN United Nations UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization UN-ISDR United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction US United States of America ZAFFICO Zambia Forestry and Forest Industries Corporation Limited ZCF Zimbabwe Collage of Forestry ZFC Zambia Forestry College ZFC Zimbabwe Forestry Commission REGIONAL BACKGROUNDThe overwhelming part of sub-Saharan Africa has distinctive wet and dry seasons, which favour regular vegetation fires. The wet season stimulates growth, while the dry season provides ideal conditions for burning. However, drought may lead either to increased fire danger, due to extreme fire weather conditions, or to a decrease in fire danger, as there is not enough fuel to sustain a fire. In addition, every few years the El Niño weather pattern provides climatic conditions that favour extended wildfire episodes. Most fires, both prescribed and uncontrolled wildfires, occur in the savannah biome primarily as fires to promote pasture regrowth, slash-and-burn practices and to the burning of agricultural residues. Large-scale burning of slash after forest harvesting is also a common practice in the forest plantations of southern Africa. Fires can also be caused by natural events (electrical storms, etc). There is a need to raise awareness among local people and provide training to stakeholders at all levels on the proper use of fire as a management tool at the landscape level. The appropriate management of fires at the local level is a key factor to sustainable management of natural resources, including forests. HistoryHistorically, the use of fire in Southern Africa was controlled by the Traditional Authorities(TA) who restricted the use of fire to certain planned occasions and events, such as hunting. The use of fire by local people required permission from the Traditional Authorities. However, during colonial times new fire legislation and no-burn policies were introduced, starting from the end of the 17th century. These policies and practices were modelled on those e.g. in Europe. Local practices and, consequently, earlier control mechanisms, were evoked or became invalid. While the TAs were stripped of authority to control fires, local people soon realized that the colonial officers implementing the fire bans were seldom present due to the remoteness of many areas. Because of lack of supervision, fire was increasingly frequently used by the local population at the beginning of last century. The use of prescribed burning was forgotten and local people started to believe that the indiscriminate use of fire was a part of the inherited traditions. By 1970, almost all forest and woodlands in southern Africa were fully or partially burned every year, due to such indiscriminate and widespread use of fire, coupled with rapid increases in human populations. Damages by firesIn Africa, south of the Sahara desert; more vegetation fires burn and in higher frequencies than on any other continent. One has to admit that the quality of statistical fire data from Sub Saharan Africa is poor. This is due to among others political reasons, technical and resource problems and the fact that statistics have never been the key issue in fire management in Africa. There are sometimes huge discrepancies between satellite-derived data and data collected on the ground, as well as discrepancies within the different satellite systems. Collection of reliable ground data is not achievable in the vast territories of the African sub-continent. The nature and large number of African wild fires presently does not allow countries to accurately register the annually burned area, with the exception of few countries. Remote sensing is today the only way to collect statistical fire date like e.g. on the extent of burned area. Figure 1: Total area burnt per SADC country from 2001-2007 
FAO 2014
While the natural ecological role of fire must be recognised, the exposure of communities, agriculture business and infrastructure to large, devastating fires in the recent past, shows the vulnerability and potential damage of uncontrolled fire (Heine, 2004). Substantial uncontrolled fires occur across Africa and affectcommunities, property and fire-sensitive natural resources. Secondary effects are the current burden of emissions on the atmosphere with subsequent adverse effects on the global climate system and human health. Major problems arise at the interface between fire savannas, residential areas, agricultural systems and those forests which are not adapted to fire. Fire as an effective and affordable tool for clearing land is also contributing to widespread deforestation in many southern African countries. The impact of wild fires in natural vegetation and on the rural poor, cannot be overstated. Those people living at the margins of daily survival are always most vulnerable. In the case of rural settlements (and also in the case of some of the urban settlements), those located physically at the margins of sustainable livelihoods, in the transition zone between densely settled land and lands carrying high fuel loads are the most vulnerable. Whether these fuel loads are the result of natural development or the lack of integrated fire management (including fuel reduction strategies) in the natural environment, the consequences are the same. These areas form high fire risk zones, and the inhabitants of the adjacent settlements bear the brunt of such unmanaged risk. The direct losses are in terms of: loss of life, disability and increased respiratory sicknesses, due to vegetation fires loss of housing and possessions when thatched or wooden dwellings ignite loss of grazing, crops, livestock and subsistence natural resources negative effect on tourism reduced quality of water soil erosion by water and wind. Directory: wp-content -> uploads -> 2016 2016 -> 2017 afoCo Landmark Scholarship Program 2016 -> Instructions for the Preparation of Camera-Ready Contributions to the Conference Proceedings 2016 -> Step student Scholarships for Year 10-13 2016 -> The united church of canada 2016 -> Idan raichel biography – May 2016 Brief Producer, keyboardist, Lyricist, composer and Performer Idan Raichel 2016 -> An introduction to centre’s interventions expanding access to justice 2016 -> Sanchar Shakti 2016 -> Unit analysis should help here. We want number of bananas 2016 -> The Autobiography of Elder Joseph Bates 2016 -> The Great Heat and the Rhode Island Deep Water Bay Scallop (Argopecten irradians) Fishery 1875-1905 Download 0.97 Mb. Share with your friends:
|